Extension of Vedic mathematics sutras for square calculation

Square is one of the basic arithmetic operations. Referring to the earlier contributions provided by ancient Indian mathematicians concerning square calculation, various techniques have been suggested by Arybhata, Bhaskara I, Sridhara, Mahavira and Bhaskara II to quote a few. Besides, P. Swami Bharati Krishna Tirthji discussed various techniques for square calculating based on various sutras. In this paper, we summarise the works done by ancient Indian mathematicians and discuss the applications of calculating squares using different sutras. In addition, we propose a new method of calculating square based on the drawbacks identified and that can be applied for the square calculation of any number. Our method splits the number and hence makes the calculation simpler. Moreover, for bigger values, nested calculations can also be applied.