Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Deep Learning Sequence Network for Identifying and Analyzing Archery Shooting Patterns Cover

Deep Learning Sequence Network for Identifying and Analyzing Archery Shooting Patterns

By: Jihoon Park and  Hyongjun Choi  
Open Access
|May 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Environment Experimental Setup and Recording Environment Used for Video Analysis

Figure 2.

Example of Joint Extraction in Archery Shooting

Figure 3.

Shooting Process from Actual Video Clips Used

Figure 4.

Sequence Model Training Accuracy

Figure 5.

Visualization of Athletes' Shooting Patterns.Note: Normalized x- and y-coordinate trajectories for four athletes across complete shooting sequences. Narrow variance indicates higher motion consistency.

Figure 6.

Confusion Matrix of the Bi-GRU Model.Note: X-axis = predicted classes (A D), Y-axis = actual classes. Overall accuracy reached 98%.

Figure 7.

Joint Variation Graphs for Three Shooting Instances of Athlete A.Note: Left panel shows x-coordinate trajectories; right panel shows y-coordinate trajectories for key joints across three shooting instances.

Figure 8.

Field Application Example of Feedback for Consistent Shooting MotionNote: Error rates for each joint are overlaid on actual shooting video frames. Joints exceeding a standard error threshold of 0.4 are highlighted for corrective training.

Architecture of Sequence Models for Archery Motion Analysis_

LayerAttributeDescription
Input Layer 1Unit128
Return sequencesTrue
ActivationTanh
Input shape(None, 900, 12)
DropoutRate0.3
Input Layer 2Unit32
Return sequencesTrue
ActivationTanh
DropoutRate0.3
Pooling LayerGlobal Average Pooling1D
Dense Layer 1Unit16
ActivationReLU
Dense Layer 2Unity_train.shape[1]
ActivationSoftmax

RTMO Joint Extraction Key Points

IndexJointIndexJoint
1Nose10Left wrist
2Left eye11Right wrist
3Right eye12Left hip
4Left ear13Right hip
5Right ear14Left knee
6Left shoulder15Right knee
7Right shoulder16Left ankle
8Left elbow17Right ankle
9Right elbow

Performance Evaluation Metrics of Sequence Models

ModelAccuracyPrecisionRecallF1-score
RNN89.790.189.789.8
GRU98.598.598.598.5
Bi-GRU98.798.798.798.7
LSTM55.960.555.949.3
Bi-LSTM96.696.696.696.6
Language: English
Page range: 131 - 142
Published on: May 3, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2026 Jihoon Park, Hyongjun Choi, published by International Association of Computer Science in Sport
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.