Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Exploring the Characteristics of Coopetition Throughout the Coopetition Life Cycle Cover

Exploring the Characteristics of Coopetition Throughout the Coopetition Life Cycle

Open Access
|Sep 2025

References

  1. Akpinar, M., & Vincze, Z. (2016). The dynamics of coopetition: A stakeholder view of the German automotive industry. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 53–63.
  2. Albert-Cromarias, A., Asselineau, A., & Blanchard, G. (2022). Value creation, appropriation and destruction in coopetitive relationships among micro-firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 104, 366–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.05.009
  3. Amata, R., Dagnino, G. B., Minà, A., & Picone, P. M. (2022). Managing coopetition in diversified firms: Insights from a qualitative case study. Long Range Planning, 55(4), 102–128.
  4. Basole, R. C., Park, H., & Barnett, B. C. (2015). Coopetition and convergence in the ICT ecosystem. Telecommunications Policy, 39(7), 537–552.
  5. Batonda, G., & Perry, C. (2003). Approaches to relationship development processes in inter-firm networks. European Journal of Marketing, 37(10), 1457–1484.
  6. Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2014). Coopetition—Quo vadis? Past accomplishments and future challenges. Industrial marketing management, 43(2), 180–188.
  7. Bengtsson, M., & Raza-Ullah, T. (2016). A systematic review of research on coopetition: Toward a multi-level understanding. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 23–39.
  8. Bengtsson, M., & Raza-Ullah, T. (2024). Paradoxical tensions at multiple levels and top management team cross-level bridging in coopetition: A conceptual model. Strategic Management Review, forthcoming.
  9. Bengtsson, M., Eriksson, J., & Wincent, J. (2010a). Co-opetition dynamics – an outline for further inquiry. Competitiveness Review, 20(2), 194–214. https://doi.org/10.1108/10595421011029893
  10. Bengtsson, M., Eriksson, J., & Wincent, J. (2010a). Co-opetition dynamics: An outline for further inquiry. Competitiveness review: An international business journal, 20(2), 194–214.
  11. Bengtsson, M., Eriksson, J., & Wincent, J. (2010b). Coopetition: New ideas for a new paradigm. In S. Yami (Ed.), Coopetition: Winning strategies for the 21st century (pp. 19–39).
  12. Bengtsson, M., Raza-Ullah, T., & Vanyushyn, V. (2016). The coopetition paradox and tension: The moderating role of coopetition capability. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, 19–30.
  13. Bills, K. L., Hayne, C., Stein, S. E., & Hatfield, R. C. (2021). Collaborating with competitors: How do small firm accounting associations and networks successfully manage coopetitive tensions. Contemporary Accounting Research, 38(1), 545–585.
  14. Bland J, Altman D. (1997). Statistics notes: Cronbach’s alpha. BMJ, 314, 275. 10.1136/bmj.314.7080.572
  15. Bonel, E., & Rocco, E. (2007). Coopeting to survive; surviving coopetition. International Studies of Management & Organization, 37(2), 70–96.
  16. Bouncken, R. B., Fredrich, V., & Kraus, S. (2020a). Configurations of firm-level value capture in coopetition. Long range planning, 53(1), 101869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.02.002
  17. Bouncken, R. B., Fredrich, V., Ritala, P., & Kraus, S. (2020). Value-creation-capture-equilibrium in new product development alliances: A matter of coopetition, expert power, and alliance importance. Industrial Marketing Management, 90, 648–662.
  18. Bouncken, R. B., & Fredrich, V. (2012). Coopetition: Performance implications and management antecedents. International Journal of Innovation Management, 16(05), 1250028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1363919612500284
  19. Bouncken, R. B., Fredrich, V., Ritala, P., & Kraus, S. (2018). Coopetition in new product development alliances: Advantages and tensions for incremental and radical innovation. British Journal of Management, 29(3), 391–410.
  20. Brolos, A. (2009). Innovative coopetition: the strength of strong ties. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 8(1), 110–134.
  21. Camargo, A. A. B. D., & Meirelles, D. S. E. (2024). Coopetition through Multisided Platforms Business Model: A Case Study of FEBRAFAR Value Cycle. BAR-Brazilian Administration Review, 21(1), e230099. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2024230099
  22. Chai, L., Li, J., Tangpong, C., & Clauss, T. (2020). The interplays of coopetition, conflicts, trust, and efficiency process innovation in vertical B2B relationships. Industrial Marketing Management, 85, 269–280.
  23. Chen, M. J., & Miller D. (2012). Competitive dynamics: Themes, trends, and a prospective research platform. Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 135–210.
  24. Chen, X., Luo, Z., & Wang, X. (2019), Compete or cooperate: Intensity, dynamics, and optimal strategies. Omega, 86, 76–86.
  25. Chiambaretto, P., & Fernandez, A. S. (2016). The evolution of coopetitive and collaborative alliances in an alliance portfolio: The Air France case. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 75–85.
  26. Chim-Miki, A. F., Costa, R. A., & Oliveira-Ribeiro, R. (2023). Tourism coopetition for a better world: A cycle of creation, appropriation, and devolution of social value. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2254448
  27. Chin, K. S., Chan, B. L., & Lam, P. K. (2008). Identifying and prioritizing critical success factors for coopetition strategy. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 108(4), 437–454.
  28. Corbo, L., Kraus, S., Vlačić, B., Dabić, M., Caputo, A., & Pellegrini, M. M. (2023). Coopetition and innovation: A review and research agenda. Technovation, 122, 102624.
  29. Crick, J. M. (2019). Moderators affecting the relationship between coopetition and company performance. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 34(2), 518–531.
  30. Crick, J. M. (2021). Unpacking the relationship between a coopetition-oriented mindset and coopetition-oriented behaviours. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 36(3), 400–419.
  31. Crick, J. M., & Crick, D. (2019). Developing and validating a multi-dimensional measure of coopetition. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 34(4), 665–689.
  32. Czakon, W. (2009). Power asymmetries, flexibility and the propensity to coopete: An empirical investigation of SMEs’ relationships with franchisors. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 8(1), 44–60.
  33. Czakon, W. (2010). Emerging coopetition: An empirical investigation of coopetition as interorganizational relationship instability. In S. Yami, S. Castaldo & F. Le Roy (Eds.), Coopetition winning strategies for the 21st century (pp. 58–73). Edward Elgar.
  34. Czakon, W., & Czernek, K. (2016). The role of trust-building mechanisms in entering into network coopetition: The case of tourism networks in Poland. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 64–74.
  35. Czakon, W., Klimas, P., & Mariani, M. (2020). Behavioral antecedents of coopetition: A synthesis and measurement scale. Long Range Planning, 53(1), 101875.
  36. Czakon, W., Mucha-Kuś, K., & Rogalski, M. (2014). Coopetition research landscape-a systematic literature review 1997–2010. Journal of Economics and Management, (17), 122–150.
  37. Czakon, W., Niemand, T., Gast, J., Kraus, S., & Frühstück, L. (2020a). Designing coopetition for radical innovation: An experimental study of managers’ preferences for developing self-driving electric cars. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 155, 119992.
  38. Dahl, J. (2014). Conceptualizing coopetition as a process: An outline of change in cooperative and competitive interactions. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(2), 272–279.
  39. Devece, C., Ribeiro-Soriano, D. E., & Palacios-Marqués, D. (2019). Coopetition as the new trend in inter-firm alliances: Literature review and research patterns. Review of Managerial Science, 13, 207–226.
  40. DeVellis, R. (2011). Scale development: theory and applications: theory and application. Thousand Okas. Sage.
  41. Dorn, S., Schweiger, B., & Albers, S. (2016). Levels, phases and themes of coopetition: A systematic literature review and research agenda. European Management Journal, 34(5), 484–500.
  42. Dul, J. (2020). Conducting Necessary Condition Analysis. Mastering Business Research Methods series. Sage.
  43. Efrat, K., Souchon, A. L., Wald, A., Hughes, P., & Cai, J. (2022). Mitigating coopetition tensions: The forgotten formation stage. European Management Review, 19(4), 527–548.
  44. Eriksson, P. E. (2008). Procurement effects on coopetition in client-contractor relationships. Journal of construction Engineering and Management, 134(2), 103–111.
  45. Estrada, I., & Dong, J. Q. (2020). Learning from experience? Technological investments and the impact of coopetition experience on firm profitability. Long Range Planning, 53(1), 101866.
  46. Faems, D., Janssens, M., & Van Looy, B. (2010). Managing the co-operation-competition dilemma in R&D alliances: A multiple case study in the advanced materials industry. Creativity & Innovation Management, 19(1), 3–22.
  47. Fernandez, A.-S., & Chiambaretto, P. (2016). Managing tensions related to information in coopetition. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, 66–76.
  48. Fong, V. H. I., Hong, J. F. L., & Wong, I. A. (2021). The evolution of triadic relationships in a tourism supply chain through coopetition. Tourism Management, 84, 104274.
  49. Garri, M. (2021). Coopetition, value co-creation, and knowledge-enhancement in the UK alpaca industry: A multi-level mechanism. European Management Journal, 39(5), 545–557.
  50. Gast, J., Filser, M., Gundolf, K., & Kraus, S. (2015). Coopetition research: Towards a better understanding of past trends and future directions. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 24(4), 492–521.
  51. Gelei, A., & Dobos, I. (2024). Micro-coopetition: Conceptualizing and operationalizing coopetitive managerial decision-making over time—a game theoretic approach. Review of Managerial Science, 18(6), 1743–1767.
  52. Gernsheimer, O., Kanbach, D. K., & Gast, J. (2021). Coopetition research-A systematic literature review on recent accomplishments and trajectories. Industrial Marketing Management, 96, 113–134.
  53. Gnyawali, D. R., & Park, B. J. R. (2011). Co-opetition between giants: Collaboration with competitors for technological innovation. Research policy, 40(5), 650–663.
  54. Gnyawali, D. R., & Song, Y. (2016). Pursuit of rigor in research: Illustration from coopetition literature. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 12–22.
  55. Hani, M., & Dagnino, G. B. (2021). Global network coopetition, firm innovation and value creation. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 36(11), 1962–1974.
  56. Jakobsen, S. (2020). Managing tension in coopetition through mutual dependence and asymmetries: A longitudinal study of a Norwegian R&D alliance. Industrial Marketing Management, 84, 251–260.
  57. Jakobsen, S., & Steinmo, M. (2016). The role of proximity dimensions in the development of innovations in coopetition: A longitudinal case study. International Journal of Technology Management, 71(1–2), 100–122.
  58. Katsaliaki, K., Kumar, S., & Loulos, V. (2023). Supply chain coopetition: A review of structures, mechanisms and dynamics. International Journal of Production Economics, 109057.
  59. Klimas, P., Ahmadian, A. A., Soltani, M., Shahbazi, M., & Hamidizadeh, A. (2023a). Coopetition, where do you come from? Identification, categorization, and configuration of theoretical roots of coopetition. SAGE Open, 13(1), 21582440221085003.
  60. Klimas, P., Czakon, W., & Fredrich, V. (2022). Strategy frames in coopetition: An examination of coopetition entry factors in high-tech firms. European Management Journal, 40(2), 258–272.
  61. Klimas, P., Kawa, A., Sachpazidu, K., Stańczyk, S., Brenk, K., & Kanbach, D. K. (2025). Decoding coopetition performance using impactful coopetition attributes: Evidence from manufacturing companies. Technology in Society, 81, 102819.
  62. Klimas, P., Sachpazidu, K., & Stańczyk, S. (2023b). The characteristics of coopetitive relationships: What do we know and not know about them. European Management Journal.
  63. Klimas, P., Stańczyk, S., & Sachpazidu, K. (2023). A multipath development framework for inter-organizational relationships: A metasynthesis of qualitative studies. International Journal of Contemporary Management, 59(2), 33–52.
  64. Köseoğlu, M. A., Yildiz, M., Okumus, F., & Barca, M. (2019). The intellectual structure of coopetition: Past, present and future. Journal of Strategy and Management, 12(1), 2–29.
  65. Kostis, A., & Näsholm, M. H. (2020). Towards a research agenda on how, when and why trust and distrust matter to coopetition. Journal of Trust Research, 10(1), 66–90.
  66. Kostis, A., Albers, S., Vanderstraeten, J., Chinchanikar, S., & Bengtsson, M. (2024). Coopetitive dynamics, really? Towards an interaction perspective on coopetition. Industrial Marketing Management, 116, 158–169.
  67. Kwon, Y., Kang, D., Kim, S., & Choi, S. (2020). Coopetition in the SoC industry: The case of qualcomm incorporated. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(1), 9.
  68. Lascaux, A. (2020). Coopetition and trust: What we know, where to go next. Industrial Marketing Management, 84, 2–18.
  69. Lee, J., & Lee, T. (2024). Trustful competitor & distrustful cooperator: Impacts of assessment gaps on trustworthy coopetition in policy network. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2293308.
  70. Liu, J., Li, Y., & Li, J. (2015). Coopetition in intermodal freight transport services. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2015.
  71. Liu, Y., Li, Y., & Zhang, L. (2010). Control mechanisms across a buyer–supplier relationship quality matrix. Journal of Business Research, 63(1), 3–12.
  72. Lundgren-Henriksson, E. L., & Tidström, A. (2021). Temporal distancing and integrating: Exploring coopetition tensions through managerial sensemaking dynamics. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 37(3), 101168.
  73. Manzhynski, S., & Biedenbach, G. (2023). The knotted paradox of coopetition for sustainability: Investigating the interplay between core paradox properties. Industrial Marketing Management, 110, 31–45.
  74. Manzhynski, S., Figge, F., & Lindbergh, L. (2024, July 4–6). When’what’is more important than’how much’: An economic goods perspective to value creation and appropriation in coopetition for sustainability. 40th EGOS Colloquium, Milan, Italy.
  75. Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81–97.
  76. Millward, L. J. (1995). Focus groups. Research methods in psychology. In G. M. Breakwell, J. A. Smith & D. B. Wright (Eds.), Research Methods in Psychology (pp. 274–292). Sage.
  77. Minà, A., & Dagnino, G. B. (2024). Coopetition reloaded: Looking back to strategic management research for moving coopetition inquiry forward. Strategic Management Review, forthcoming.
  78. Minà, A., Dagnino, G.B. & Letaifa, S. Ben (2015). Competition and Cooperation in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: A Lifecycle Analysis of a Canadian ICT Ecosystem. In F. Belussi, & L. Orsi (Eds.) Innovation, Alliances, and Networks in High-Tech Environments, Routledge: London (pp. 83–100).
  79. Minà, A., Dagnino, G. B., & Vagnani, G. (2020). An interpretive framework of the interplay of competition and cooperation. Journal of Management and Governance, 24(1), 1–35.
  80. Mitrega, M., & Pfajfar, G. (2015). Business relationship process management as company dynamic capability improving relationship portfolio. Industrial Marketing Management, 46, 193–203.
  81. Monticelli, J. M., Silveira, A. B., & Silva, L. M. (2018). The process of coopetitive strategy: A case study of microbreweries in Porto Alegre. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 19(4).
  82. Muthusamy, S. K., & Dass, P. (2021). When “trust” becomes more or less salient for alliance performance? Contextual effects of mutual influence, international scope, and coopetition. Journal of General Management, 46(2), 144–155.
  83. Nascimento, L. D. S., da Costa Júnior, J. C., Salazar, V. S., & Chim-Miki, A. F. (2023). Coopetition in social entrepreneurship: A strategy for social value devolution. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(9), 2176–2197.
  84. Osarenkhoe, A. (2010). A study of inter-firm dynamics between competition and cooperation–a coopetition strategy. Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management, 17(3), 201–221.
  85. Park, B. J., & Kim, D. (2021). Coopetition dynamics between giant entrants and incumbents in a new convergent segment: A case in the smart-phone industry. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 29(3), 455–476.
  86. Park, B. J. R., Srivastava, M. K., & Gnyawali D. R. (2014). Walking the tight rope of coopetition: Impact of competition and cooperation intensities and balance on firm innovation performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(2), 210–221.
  87. Pattinson, S., Nicholson, J., & Lindgreen, A. (2018). Emergent coopetition from a sensemaking perspective: A multi-level analysis. Industrial Marketing Management, 68, 25–35.
  88. Pellegrin-Boucher, E., Le Roy, F., & Gurău, C. (2013). Coopetitive strategies in the ICT sector: typology and stability. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 25, 1, 71–89.
  89. Peng, T. J. A., Yen, M. H., & Bourne, M. (2018). How rival partners compete based on cooperation. Long Range Planning, 51(2), 351–383.
  90. Petter, R. R. H., Resende, L. M., de Andrade Júnior, P. P., & Horst, D. J. (2014). Systematic review: An analysis model for measuring the coopetitive performance in horizontal cooperation networks mapping the critical success factors and their variables. The Annals of regional science, 53(1), 157–178.
  91. Powell, R. A., Single, H. M., & Lloyd, K. R. (1996). Focus groups in mental health research: enhancing the validity of user and provider questionnaires. International Journal of Social Psychology, 42(3), 193–206.
  92. Rai, R., Gnyawali, D. R., & Bhatt, H. (2023). Walking the tightrope: Coopetition capability construct and its role in value creation. Journal of Management, 49(7), 2354–2386. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221107873
  93. Rajala, A., & Tidström, A. (2021). Unmasking conflict in vertical coopetition. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 36(13), 78–90.
  94. Raza-Ullah, T. (2020). Experiencing the paradox of coopetition: A moderated mediation framework explaining the paradoxical tension–performance relationship. Long range planning, 53(1), 1–17.
  95. Raza-Ullah, T., & Kostis, A. (2020). Do trust and distrust in coopetition matter to performance. European Management Journal, 38(3), 367–376.
  96. Raza-Ullah, T., Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2014). The coopetition paradox and tension in coopetition at multiple levels. Industrial marketing management, 43(2), 189–198.
  97. Raza-Ullah, T., Bengtsson, M., & Vanyushyn, V. (2018). Coopetition capability: What is it. In A-S. Fernandez, P. Chiambaretto, F. Le Roy & W. Czakon, The Routledge companion to coopetition strategies (pp. 197–204). Routledge.
  98. Ricciardi, F., Zardini, A., Czakon, W., Rossignoli, C., & Kraus, S. (2022). Revisiting the cooperation–competition paradox: A configurational approach to short-and long-term coopetition performance in business networks. European Management Journal, 40(3), 320–331.
  99. Ritala, P., & Tidström, A. (2014). Untangling the value-creation and value-appropriation elements of coopetition strategy: A longitudinal analysis on the firm and relational levels. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 30, 498–515.
  100. Rouyre, A., Fernandez, A. S., & Estrada, I. (2024). Co-evolution of governance mechanisms and coopetition in public-private projects. Journal of Operations Management, 70, 50–79.
  101. Ryan-Charleton, T., & Gnyawali, D. R. (2022). Value creation tension in coopetition: Virtuous cycles and vicious cycles. Strategic Management Review, 2021(1), 1–34.
  102. Sabri, O., Djedidi, A., & Hani, M. (2021). When does coopetition affect price unfairness perception? The roles of market structure and innovation. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 36(2), 209–229.
  103. Schiffling, S., Hannibal, C., Fan, Y., & Tickle, M. (2020). Coopetition in temporary contexts: Examining swift trust and swift distrust in humanitarian operations. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 40(9), 1449–1473.
  104. Shi, G., Shi, Y. Z., Chan, A. K., & Wang, Y. (2009). Relationship strength in service industries: A measurement model. International Journal of Market Research, 51(5), 1–20.
  105. Stebbins, R. A. (2001). Exploratory research in the social sciences (Vol. 48). Sage. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412984249
  106. Strese, S., Meuer, M. W., Flatten, T. C., & Brettel, M. (2016). Examining cross-functional coopetition as a driver of organizational ambidexterity. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 40–52.
  107. Struckell, E., Ojha, D., Patel, P. C., & Dhir, A. (2021). Ecological determinants of smart home ecosystems: A coopetition framework. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121147.
  108. Telg, N., Lokshin, B., & Letterie, W. (2023). How formal and informal intellectual property protection matters for firms’ decision to engage in coopetition: The role of environmental dynamism and competition intensity. Technovation, 124.
  109. Tidström, A. (2014). Managing tensions in coopetition. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(2), 261–271.
  110. Tidström, A., & Åhman, S. (2006). The process of ending inter-organizational cooperation. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 21(5), 281–290.
  111. Tidström, A., & Rajala, A. (2016). Coopetition strategy as interrelated praxis and practices on multiple levels. Industrial Marketing Management, 58, 35–44.
  112. Valk, W. van der, Sumo, R., Dul, J., & Schroeder, R. (2016). When are contracts and trust necessary for innovation in buyer-supplier relationships? A necessary condition analysis. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 22(4), 266–277
  113. Venkatraman, N., & Grant, J. H. (1986). Construct measurement in organizational strategy research: A critique and proposal. The Academy of Management Review 11(1), 71–87.
  114. Xin, X., Miao, X., & Cui, R. (2023). Enhancing sustainable development: Innovation ecosystem coopetition, environmental resource orchestration, and disruptive green innovation. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(4), 1388–1402.
  115. Xu, T., Yang, J., Zhang, F., & Guo, W. (2021). Interfirm coopetition, interfirm knowledge creation, and collaborative innovation performance: The moderating roles of environmental competitiveness and dysfunctional competition. Industrial Marketing Management, 99, 123–135.
  116. Yami, S., Castaldo, S., Dagnino, G. B., Le Roy, F., & Czakon, W. (2010). Coopetition strategies: Towards a new form of inter-organizational dynamics? In S. Yami, S. Castaldo & F. Le Roy (Eds.), Coopetition winning strategies for the 21st century (pp. 1–16). Edward Elgar.
  117. Yoo, D. K., Roh, J. J., Cho, S., & Yang, M. M. (2022). Coopetition in a platform ecosystem: From the complementors’ perspective. Electronic Commerce Research, 1–24.
  118. Yoo, E., Gu, B., & Rabinovich, E. (2019). Competition and coopetition among social media content [Conference]. Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2019. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/c27acd63-a990-46dd-af57-a3e9fdc86dd7/content
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcm-2025-0005 | Journal eISSN: 2449-8939 | Journal ISSN: 2449-8920
Language: English
Page range: 50 - 71
Published on: Sep 7, 2025
Published by: Jagiellonian University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year

© 2025 Patrycja Klimas, Michał Nadolny, Sylwia Stańczyk, Karina Sachpazidu, published by Jagiellonian University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.