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Phrasing of survey questions and answers
| Pre-pandemic automation experience | |
| Have you experienced any changes in your job responsibilities due to the implementation of new technologies (information systems, specialized software, algorithms, robots) in your company in the last three years? | |
| • Yes, most of the tasks I perform have been automated (>80%) | Major automation |
| • Yes, more than half of the tasks I perform have been automated (51–80%) | |
| • Yes, some of the tasks I perform have been automated (21–50%) | Minor automation |
| • Yes, a few of the tasks I perform have been automated (<20%) | |
| • No, the implemented technologies have not changed the scope of my responsibilities. | No automation |
| Changes in automation during COVID-19 | |
| Have you experienced an intensification of task automation processes within the scope of your responsibilities during the pandemic (since March 2020)? | |
| • Yes, the pace of automation of my tasks noticeably accelerated during the pandemic. | Significant acceleration |
| • Yes, the pace of automation of my tasks accelerated during the pandemic, but only slightly. | Moderate acceleration |
| • No, I did not experience an intensification of task automation processes during the pandemic. | No acceleration |
| Automation expectations | |
| In your opinion, what share of the tasks within your current responsibilities will be automated in the next 5 years? | |
| • I believe that most of the tasks I perform today will be automated (>80%) | Major future automation |
| • I believe that more than half of the tasks I perform today will be automated (51–80%) | |
| • I think that some of the tasks I perform today will be automated (21–50%) | Minor future automation |
| • I believe that only a few of the tasks I perform today will be automated (<20%) | |
| • I think that the technologies being implemented will not change the scope of my current responsibilities. | No future automation |
| Fear of automation | |
| Due to the advancing automation and digitization of the financial sector, I feel anxious about my job. | |
| • I strongly agree | Fear of automation |
| • I rather agree | |
| • I don’t know | No opinion |
| • I rather disagree | No fear of automation |
| • I strongly disagree | |
Correlation significance and effect size measure between the automation acceleration during COVID-19 and variables of interest
| Variable | Type | Pearson Chi2 | P-value | Cramer’s V | Gamma |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Ordinal | 7.43 | 0.12 | 0.15 | |
| Education | Ordinal | 3.7 | 0.72 | 0.10 | |
| Occupation | Nominal | 6.84 | 0.55 | 0.14 | |
| Character of firm | Dichotomous | 0.72 | 0.7 | 0.07 | |
| Automation experience | Ordinal | 31.56 | 0.0*** | 0.30 | 0.52 |
Demographic and work characteristics of the sample
| Variable | Values | Frequency | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 90 | 52% |
| Female | 82 | 48% | |
| Age group | 18 - 35 | 41 | 24% |
| 36 - 47 | 97 | 56% | |
| 48 + | 34 | 20% | |
| Education | Secondary | 7 | 4% |
| Bachelor | 17 | 10% | |
| Master | 138 | 80% | |
| PhD | 10 | 6% | |
| Occupation | Customer advisor | 24 | 14% |
| Expert / Specialist | 71 | 41% | |
| Manager | 44 | 26% | |
| Executive manager, board member | 26 | 15% | |
| Other | 7 | 4% | |
| Category of firm | Domestic bank | 47 | 27% |
| Foreign bank | 87 | 51% | |
| Non-bank institution | 38 | 22% | |
| Character of firm | Traditional / Mixed firm | 124 | 73% |
| Digital firm | 47 | 27% | |
| Total | 172 | 100% |
Correlation significance and effect size measure between fear of automation and variables of interest
| Variable | Type | Pearson Chi2 | P-value | Cramer’s V |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Ordinal | 1.39 | 0.85 | 0.06 |
| Education | Ordinal | 6.52 | 0.37 | 0.14 |
| Occupation | Nominal | 15.76 | 0.05** | 0.21 |
| Character of firm | Dichotomous | 1.99 | 0.37 | 0.11 |
| Automation experience | Ordinal | 3.98 | 0.41 | 0.11 |
| Automation acceleration (COVID-19) | Ordinal | 1.22 | 0.88 | 0.06 |
Correlation significance and effect size measure between the pre-pandemic automation experience and variables of interest
| Variable | Type | Pearson Chi2 | P-value | Cramer’s V | Gamma |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Ordinal | 12.47 | 0.01** | 0.19 | 0.23 |
| Education | Ordinal | 8.69 | 0.07* | 0.16 | -0.14 |
| Occupation | Nominal | 5.59 | 0.69 | 0.13 | |
| Character of firm | Dichotomous | 7.64 | 0.02** | 0.21 | 0.39 |
Pre-pandemic automation experience among cohorts
| Automation experience in the last 3 years | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No automation | Minor automation | Major automation | |||||
| Freq | % | Freq | % | Freq | % | ||
| Age group | 18 - 35 | 10 | 24.4 | 25 | 61 | 6 | 14.6 |
| 36 - 47 | 28 | 28.9 | 57 | 58.8 | 12 | 12.4 | |
| 48 + | 5 | 14.7 | 16 | 47.1 | 13 | 38.2 | |
| Education | Bachelor or less | 8 | 41.2 | 8 | 41.2 | 8 | 17.6 |
| Master | 31 | 22.5 | 85 | 61.6 | 22 | 15.9 | |
| PhD | 4 | 40 | 5 | 50 | 1 | 10 | |
| Occupation | Customer advisor | 7 | 29.2 | 11 | 45.8 | 6 | 25 |
| Expert / Specialist | 21 | 29.6 | 37 | 52.1 | 13 | 18.3 | |
| Manager | 9 | 20.5 | 27 | 61.4 | 8 | 18.2 | |
| Executive manager, board member | 4 | 15.4 | 19 | 73.1 | 3 | 11.5 | |
| Other | 2 | 28.6 | 4 | 57.1 | 1 | 14.3 | |
| Character of firm | Traditional / Mixed character | 36 | 28.8 | 72 | 57.6 | 17 | 13.6 |
| Digital firm | 7 | 14.9 | 26 | 55.3 | 14 | 29.8 | |
Correlation significance and effect size measures between automation expectations and variables of interest
| Variable | Type | Pearson Chi2 | P-value | Cramer’s V | Gamma |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Ordinal | 11.47 | 0.02** | 0.22 | 0.13 |
| Education | Ordinal | 6.86 | 0.33 | 0.17 | |
| Occupation | Nominal | ||||
| Character of firm | Dichotomous | 5.47 | 0.09* | 0.21 | 0.03 |
| Automation experience | Ordinal | 11.86 | 0.02** | 0.22 | 0.34 |
| Automation acceleration (COVID-19) | Ordinal | 13.82 | 0.01*** | 0.24 | 0.47 |