Cross-functional FA Factors Consisting of TM, CM, and OL Practices
| Factor 1: Information collected from internal and external stakeholders to develop talented leaders (F1) | PTM5, (0.746); PTM6, (0.679); PCM7, (0.507); PCM8, (0.713) |
| Factor 2: Expected competencies at work and managers’ competency gap research (F2) | PCM4, (0.781); PCM5, (0.597) |
| Factor 3: Identification of talented leaders, core competencies, and developmental programs (F3) | PTM1, (0.697); PTM2, (0.707); PCM1, (0.635); POL1, (0.630); POL2, (0.521) |
| Factor 4: Leadership succession based on expectations of internal and external stakeholders (F4) | POL3, (0.617); POL7, (0.659); POL8, (0.621) |
| Factor 5: Knowledge management as inspiration to teach managers and shape proactive organizational culture (F5)a | PCM3, (0.518); PCM6, (0.588); PCM7, (0.524); POL5, (0.561); POL6, (0.620) |
Components (practices) of OL, TM, and CM
| OL practices | TM practices | CM practices |
|---|---|---|
| Identification of leadership talents (POL1) | Criteria for TM identification (PTM1) | Competencies of the managerial staff identification (PCM1) |
| Leadership developmental programs (POL2) | Measurement of employee creativity (PTM2) | Knowledge and skills of employees identification (PCM2) |
| Succession programs in managerial positions (POL3) | Systemic TM within the development paths (PTM3) | Cyclical measurements of the competency of managerial staff (PCM3) |
| Support solutions for so-called natural leaders (POL4) | Trans-organizational cooperation between talented employees (PTM4) | Cyclical measurements of the knowledge and skills of employees (PCM4) |
| Co-financing postgraduate leadership studies or MBA programs (POL5) | R & D facilities for talented employees (PTM5) | Regular examination of the competency gap of managerial staff and designing solutions to deal with this problem (PCM5) |
| Implementation of proactive organizational culture (POL6) | Platform for the exchange of experience and knowledge using ICT tools (PTM6) | Regular examination of the knowledge and skills gap of employees and designing solutions to deal with this problem (PCM6) |
| Monitoring and periodic evaluation of employees’ opinions and expectations towards managers (POL7) | A dynamic (changing over time) competency database (PCM7) | |
| Regular external stakeholder surveys (opinions about managers) (POL8) | CM associated with other HRM subfunctions (PCM8) |
Analysis of Variance for the Category “Duration of the MNC’s Operation in the market’a
| Variable | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS effect | df effect | MS effect | SS error | df error | MS error | F | P | |
| F1 | 1.455991 | 2 | 0.727995 | 51.87512 | 197 | 0.263325 | 2.764622 | 0.065446 |
| F2 | 0.925991 | 2 | 0.462996 | 49.82276 | 197 | 0.252907 | 1.830692 | 0.163019 |
| F3 | 2.367441 | 2 | 1.183720 | 43.71876 | 197 | 0.221923 | 5.333932 | 0.005547 |
| F5 | 2.009550 | 2 | 1.004775 | 29.34965 | 197 | 0.148983 | 6.744227 | 0.001469 |
Analysis of variance for the category “Size of the organization measured by the number of employees”‘
| Variable | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS effect | df effect | MS effect | SS error | df error | MS error | F | P | |
| F1 | 2.95896 | 2 | 1.479478 | 50.37216 | 197 | 0.255696 | 5.78608 | 0.003616 |
| F2 | 3.86220 | 2 | 1.931101 | 46.88655 | 197 | 0.238003 | 8.11377 | 0.000411 |
| F3 | 10.45300 | 2 | 5.226500 | 35.63320 | 197 | 0.180879 | 28.89497 | 0.000000 |
| F5 | 4.35244 | 2 | 2.176222 | 27.00676 | 197 | 0.137090 | 15.87439 | 0.000000 |
Analysis of Variance for the Category “Type of Business Profile (Industry)”‘
| Variable | Analysis of variance (empirical data, with variable names) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS effect | df effect | MS effect | SS error | df error | MS error | F | P | |
| F1 | 2.95896 | 2 | 1.479478 | 50.37216 | 197 | 0.255696 | 5.78608 | 0.003616 |
| F2 | 3.86220 | 2 | 1.931101 | 46.88655 | 197 | 0.238003 | 8.11377 | 0.000411 |
| F3 | 10.45300 | 2 | 5.226500 | 35.63320 | 197 | 0.180879 | 28.89497 | 0.000000 |
| F5 | 4.35244 | 2 | 2.176222 | 27.00676 | 197 | 0.137090 | 15.87439 | 0.000000 |
Correlations Among Means of TM, CM, and OL Subfunctions in Foreign Entities of MNCs
| Variable | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| TM | CM | OL | |
| TM | 1.00 | 0.65 | 0.716 |
| CM | 0.65 | 1.00 | 0.72 |
| OL | 0.716 | 0.720 | 1.00 |
Cross-subfunctional FA of TM, CM, and OL Practices
| Variable | Main components | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | |
| PTM1 | 0.203971 | 0.206565 | 0.696957 | -0.122646 | 0.212200 |
| PTM2 | 0.003072 | 0.084021 | 0.706751 | 0.166188 | -0.009125 |
| PTM3 | -0.237242 | 0.328001 | 0.308193 | 0.423943 | 0.187869 |
| PTM4 | 0.283543 | 0.328882 | 0.056594 | 0.099903 | 0.337084 |
| PTM5 | 0.746452 | -0.009727 | 0.256349 | -0.002722 | 0.006364 |
| PTM6 | 0.678741 | -0.024147 | 0.305672 | -0.028115 | 0.161573 |
| PCM1 | 0.292974 | 0.075215 | 0.634741 | 0.107992 | 0.049413 |
| PCM2 | 0.104725 | -0.321459 | 0.476574 | 0.423784 | -0.100998 |
| PCM3 | -0.177512 | 0.223131 | -0.008107 | 0.372466 | 0.518553 |
| PCM4 | 0.015860 | 0.780665 | 0.115506 | 0.098051 | 0.138194 |
| PCM5 | 0.189253 | 0.597312 | 0.249207 | 0.041709 | 0.145321 |
| PCM6 | 0.064451 | -0.226948 | 0.318681 | 0.172765 | 0.587805 |
| PCM7 | 0.507667 | 0.094967 | 0.097238 | 0.130438 | 0.524196 |
| PCM8 | 0.713526 | 0.214968 | 0.013797 | 0.117594 | 0.157545 |
| POL1 | 0.244591 | 0.226397 | 0.630445 | -0.106256 | 0.398226 |
| POL2 | 0.004479 | 0.240939 | 0.520853 | 0.117598 | 0.400344 |
| POL3 | -0.058101 | 0.076250 | 0.076725 | 0.617543 | 0.242469 |
| POL4 | 0.374017 | 0.085322 | -0.077403 | 0.219039 | 0.378583 |
| POL5 | 0.319469 | 0.317459 | 0.211267 | -0.007537 | 0.561206 |
| POL6 | 0.203485 | 0.182356 | 0.118629 | -0.024137 | 0.620344 |
| POL7 | 0.220329 | -0.078969 | -0.006335 | 0.659127 | 0.130516 |
| POL8 | 0.184955 | 0.385326 | 0.101613 | 0.620955 | -0.234019 |
| Explained variance | 2.560882 | 1.909037 | 2.809015 | 1.910326 | 2.479604 |
| Share | 0.116404 | 0.086774 | 0.127682 | 0.086833 | 0.112709 |
Correlations Among TM, CM, and OL Practices in Foreign Entities of MNCs
| Variable | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POL1 | POL2 | POL3 | POL4 | POL5 | POL6 | POL7 | POL8 | |
| PTM1 | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.53 | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.23 |
| PTM2 | 0.54 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.26 | 0.15 | 0.23 |
| PTM3 | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.12 | 0.26 |
| PTM4 | 0.36 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.30 | 0.27 | 0.24 |
| PTM5 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.26 |
| PTM6 | 0.43 | 0.,35 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.34 |
| PCM1 | 0.54 | 0.43 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.24 |
| PCM2 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.29 |
| PCM3 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.18 | -0.02 | 0.10 |
| PCM4 | 0.42 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.06 |
| PCM5 | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.40 | 0.29 | 0.22 |
| PCM6 | 0.44 | 0.40 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
| PCM7 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.25 | 0.16 |
| PCM8 | 0.43 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 0.19 |