Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Three-Dimensional Line-of-Sight Estimation Based on RTACM-Net and Vision Transformer Cover

Three-Dimensional Line-of-Sight Estimation Based on RTACM-Net and Vision Transformer

International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls
Volume 10 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)
By:  and    
Open Access
|Dec 2025
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Model Framework

Figure 2.

The structures of TACmix-BTNK1 and TACmix-BTNK2

Figure 3.

ACmix module structure

Figure 4.

The TeLU activation function and its derivatives

TABLE I.

COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON MPIIFACEGAZE (°)

modelAverage angular error
L2CS-Net[7]3.92
CA-Net[4]4.10
GazeTR[6]4.00
MPIIGaze[2]5.40
AGE-Net[5]4.09
Dilated-Net[3]4.10
Res-Swin-Ge[8]3.75
RT-Gene[9]4.36
Ours model3.72
TABLE II.

COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON GAZE360 (°)

modelAverage angular error
Full-Face[10]14.99
CA-Net[4]11.20
GazeTR[6]10.67
Gaze360[13]11.04
Dilated-Net[3]13.73
Bot2L-Net[12]11.53
RT-Gene[9]12.26
Ours model10.46
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijanmc-2025-0032 | Journal eISSN: 2470-8038
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 12 - 21
Published on: Dec 31, 2025
Published by: Xi’an Technological University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Line of Sight Estimation,
RTACM-Net,
Visi on Transformer,
Visual Attention
Related subjects:
Computer sciences,
Computer sciences, other

© 2025 Tingjuan Sang, Wuqi Gao, published by Xi’an Technological University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 10 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)
Previous article
Next article