IP Addresses through 2022: This article is reproduced from “The ISP Column-A monthly column on things Internet” of Geoff Huston's Blog

Huston, Geoff

doi:10.2478/ijanmc-2023-0054

Figures & Tables

Volume of Transferred Addresses: 2012 – 2022

IPv4 Address Pools 2000 – 2022 & IPv4 Address Pool changes through 2021

Ratio of Unadvertised Pool Size to Total Pool Size

IPv4 Price Time Series (data from Hilco Streambank)

Age distribution of transferred addresses

Age distribution of transfer transactions

Changes to the BGP routing table across 2022 by Address Prefix Age

Allocated, Unadvertised and Advertised IPv6 addresses

Advertised IPv6 Addresses as a percentage of the Allocated Address Pool

IPv6 Deployment measurement - December 2022

IPv4 Allocated addresses by year

	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Address Span (Billions)	3.227	3.395	3.483	3.537	3.593	3.624	3.643	3.657	3.657	3.682	3.684	3.685	3.687
Annual Change (Millions)	241.7	168.0	88.4	53.9	55.9	30.6	19.4	13.2	0.6	24.9	2.2	1.1	1.6
Relative Growth	8.1%	5.2%	2.6%	1.5%	1.6%	0.85%	0.53%	0.36%	0.02%	0.68%	0.06%	0.03%	0.04%

IPv4 Allocated Address Pools ranked by per-Capita holdings

Rank	CC	IPv4 Pool	% Total	Per-Capita	Economy
1	SC	7,245,056	0.2%	67.64	Seychelles
2	VA	10,752	0.0%	21.08	Holy See
3	GI	253,440	0.0%	7.76	Gibraltar
4	US	1,617,753,952	43.9%	4.78	United States of America
5	SG	25,385,216	0.7%	4.24	Singapore
6	MU	4,777,216	0.1%	3.68	Mauritius
7	CH	26,730,744	0.7%	3.05	Switzerland
8	VG	90,880	0.0%	2.90	British Virgin Islands
9	NO	15,606,032	0.4%	2.87	Norway
10	SE	30,082,280	0.8%	2.85	Sweden
-	XA	3,686,521,896	100.0%	0.46	World

IPv4 Available and Reserved Pools December 2022

	Available			Reserved

RIR	2020	2021	2022	2020	2021	2022
APNIC	4,003,072	3,533,056	2,503,424	2,483,968	1,787,904	151,472
RIPE NCC	328,448	-	-	965,728	762,104	737,496
ARIN	4,352	4,608	8,448	5,509,888	5,244,160	5,311,488
LACNIC	-	7,168	1,024	266,240	224,768	148,480
AFRINIC	1,925,888	1,652,480	1,920,256	2,853,888	4,065,024	4,104,960
TOTAL	6,261,760	5,197,312	4,433,152	12,079,712	12,083,960	10,453,896

Top 10 Countries Receiving Transferred IPv4 addresses in 2021

Rank	CC	Addresses	Destination Economy
1	FR	16,553,472	France
2	GB	4,987,392	United Kingdom
3	US	3,600,384	USA
4	DE	3,447,360	Germany
5	SE	2,431,232	Sweden
6	RU	1,797,376	Russia
7	SG	1,209,600	Singapore
8	BE	1,057,024	Belgium
9	JP	582,656	Japan

Routing changes across 2022 compared to the Transfer Log Entries for 2021 – 2022

Type	Listed	Unlisted	Ratio
Re-Homed
All	1,294	21,806	5.6%
Root Prefixes	1,063	13,473	7.3%
Removed
All	2,384	75,025	3.1%
Root Prefixes	1,594	26,446	5.7%
Added
All	3,714	108,946	3.3%
Root Prefixes	2,647	43,267	5.8%

IPv4 Address Transfers per year

Recieving RIR	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
APNIC	159	185	302	451	841	834	487	528	781	786	650
RIPE NCC	10	171	1,054	2,836	2,373	2,451	3,774	4,221	4,696	5,743	4,410
ARIN				3	22	26	26	68	94	150	122
LACNIC							2		3	9	15
AFRINIC							17	27	26	80	54
Total	169	356	1,356	3,290	3,236	3,311	4,306	4,844	5,600	6,768	5,251

IPv6 Address Allocation Volumes by Year by Economy (/32s)

Rank	2018		2019		2020		2021		2022
1	China	17,647	China	6,787	China	6,765	China	5,424	USA	13,919
2	Russia	4,675	USA	5,510	USA	5,051	Russia	4,409	China	4,354
3	Germany	1,932	Russia	3,716	Brazil	1,358	India	4,281	Russia	925
4	UK	1,209	Germany	2,522	Netherlands	1,331	Netherlands	3,390	UK	734
5	Singapore	1,055	Netherlands	2,516	Germany	716	UK	2,249	Germany	706
6	Netherlands	1,025	UK	1,355	Russia	715	Germany	896	Moldova	456
7	Brazil	1,007	France	1,182	UK	552	Ukraine	651	France	404
8	USA	874	Italy	1,052	Italy	391	Lithuania	633	Netherlands	397
9	Spain	851	Brazil	1,049	France	390	Brazil	502	Italy	363
10	France	722	Spain	854	Turkey	290	USA	491	Brazil	328

IPv6 Allocated Address pools per National Economy – December 2022

Rank	CC	Allocated (/48s)	% Total	/48s p.c.	Advertised /48s	Deployment	Name
1	US	4,711,773,641	19.3%	13.9	1,360,009,679	13.2%	USA
2	CN	4,218,814,563	17.3%	3.0	1,697,013,310	16.5%	China
3	DE	1,535,836,883	6.3%	18.4	1,053,057,966	10.2%	Germany
4	GB	1,498,022,128	6.1%	22.1	472,013,191	4.6%	UK
5	RU	1,115,226,419	4.6%	7.7	223,745,017	2.2%	Russia
6	FR	971,780,506	4.0%	15.0	174,722,243	1.7%	France
7	NL	829,817,132	3.4%	47.2	359,311,107	3.5%	Netherlands
8	IT	669,650,985	2.7%	11.4	418,702,711	4.1%	Italy
9	JP	664,477,902	2.7%	5.4	508,779,422	4.9%	Japan
10	AU	621,544,682	2.5%	23.6	311,060,736	3.0%	Australia
11	BR	544,695,204	2.2%	2.5	392,640,662	3.8%	Brazil
12	SE	453,247,324	1.9%	42.8	356,204,225	3.5%	Sweden
13	IN	430,900,264	1.8%	0.3	360,281,569	3.5%	India
14	ES	399,048,743	1.6%	8.4	98,712,690	1.0%	Spain
15	PL	396,230,899	1.6%	9.8	222,331,434	2.2%	Poland
16	AR	351,799,399	1.4%	7.7	284,283,185	2.8%	Argentina
17	KR	345,636,875	1.4%	6.7	4,518,648	0.0%	Korea
18	ZA	320,345,258	1.3%	5.3	290,878,909	2.8%	South Africa
19	EG	270,204,932	1.1%	2.4	270,008,321	2.6%	Egypt
20	CH	248,775,100	1.0%	28.4	115,094,843	1.1%	Switzerland
21	TR	234,422,302	1.0%	2.7	45,390,112	0.4%	Turkey
22	CZ	194,642,039	0.8%	18.5	112,187,291	1.1%	Czech Republic
23	IR	188,088,327	0.8%	2.1	32,936,166	0.3%	Iran
24	UA	182,845,623	0.7%	4.8	70,103,860	0.7%	Ukraine
25	TW	169,148,435	0.7%	7.1	155,106,153	1.5%	Taiwan(China)

IPv6 allocations by RIR

Allocations	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
AFRINIC	129	82	72	59	81	111	110	108	111	108	135	151
APNIC	641	599	540	528	777	1,680	1,369	1,460	1,484	1,498	1,392	1,317
ARIN	1,035	603	543	489	604	645	684	648	601	644	668	680
LACNIC	130	251	223	1,199	1,053	1,007	1,547	1,439	1,614	1,801	725	635
RIPENCC	1,647	1,756	2,151	2,227	2,129	2,124	2,030	2,521	2,989	1,325	2,430	1,283
	3,582	3,291	3,529	4,502	4,644	5,567	5,740	6,176	6,799	5,376	5,350	4,066

Average IPv6 address allocation size by RIR

	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
AFRINIC	/31.7	/26.3	/32.1	/32.3	/30.1	/32.5	/32.0	/32.6	/30.3	/32.3	/31.9	/30.6
APNIC	/28.1	/29.3	/29.0	/29.7	/30.6	/32.4	/30.4	/28.2	/29.6	/29.7	/29.1	/30.1
ARIN	/30.9	/30.5	/27.5	/28.6	/31.9	/31.2	/31.0	/31.6	/28.8	/29.1	/32.8	/27.7
LACNIC	/29.7	/27.9	/32.5	/31.9	/32.1	/31.8	/32.1	/32.1	/32.1	/32.1	/32.1	/32.2
RIPENCC	/31.4	/30.9	/30.4	/30.0	/29.5	/28.6	/29.3	/29.3	/29.2	/29.5	/29.2	/29.4
	/29.9	/29.6	/29.3	/30.0	/30.2	/29.8	/30.2	/29.4	/29.6	/30.0	/29.6	/29.2

IPv4 Allocated Address Pools per National Economy

	CC	IPv4 Pool	% Total	Per-Capita	Economy
1	US	1,617,753,952	43.9%	4.78	United States of America
2	CN	343,277,568	9.3%	0.24	China
3	JP	190,439,680	5.2%	1.54	Japan
4	DE	123,757,440	3.4%	1.48	Germany
5	GB	119,183,240	3.2%	1.76	United Kingdom
6	KR	112,498,944	3.1%	2.17	Republic of Korea
7	BR	87,198,720	2.4%	0.40	Brazil
8	FR	82,354,800	2.2%	1.27	France
9	CA	69,177,344	1.9%	1.80	Canada
10	IT	54,729,024	1.5%	0.93	Italy

Top 10 Countries Sourcing Transferred IPv4 addresses in 2021

Rank	CC	Addresses	Source Economy
1	FR	16,569,600	France
2	US	7,325,440	USA
3	DE	3,719,488	Germany
4	RU	1,795,328	Russia
5	GB	1,781,504	United Kingdom
6	CN	1,291,520	China
7	BE	1,123,584	Belgium
8	CH	1,052,672	Switzerland
9	ID	862,464	Indonesia
10	IT	643,456	Italy

IPv4 BGP changes over 2022

	Jan-22	Jan-23	Delta	Unchanged	Re-Home	Removed	Added
Announcements	906,456	941,707	35,251	728,538	23,100	77,409	112,660
Address Span (/8s)	249.61	249.61	(0.00)	226.58	2.74	10.32	9.96
Root Prefixes:	423,948	444,678	20,730	355,647	15,077	28,040	45,914
Address Span (/8s)	183.29	182.81	−0.48	169.81	1.96	5.93	5.11
More Specifics:	482,508	497,029	14,521	372,891	8,023	49,369	66,746
Address Span (/8s)	50.62	50.69	0.07	40.67	0.78	4.39	4.85

Number of individual Address Allocations, 2011 – 2022

Allocations	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
IPv6	3,582	3,291	3,529	4,502	4,644	5,567	5,740	6,176	6,799	5,376	5,350	4,066
IPv4	8,234	7,435	6,429	10,435	11,352	9,648	8,185	8,769	12,560	5,874	6,939	4,395

Volume of Address Allocations, 2011 – 2022

Addresses	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
IPv6 (/32s)	14,986	17,710	23,642	17,847	15,765	25,260	19,975	38,699	35,924	21,620	28,131	27,497
IPv4 (/32s)(M)	191.7	88.8	57.7	58.8	32.3	20.8	15.1	14.1	13.9	4.2	3.1	2.1

IPv6 address allocation volumes by RIR

Addresses (/32s)	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
AFRINIC	155	4,201	66	48	308	76	112	71	360	88	141	387
APNIC	9,506	3,807	4,462	2,663	2,108	1,235	4,228	19,681	7,945	7,365	10,185	4,856
ARIN	2,280	1,672	12,571	5,214	642	1,087	1,372	844	5,520	4,975	373	13,695
LACNIC	620	4,301	158	1,314	953	1,173	1,427	1,327	1,496	1,669	658	563
RIPENCC	2,425	3,729	6,385	8,608	11,754	21,689	12,836	16,776	20,603	7,523	16,774	7,996
	14,986	17,710	23,642	17,847	15,765	25,260	19,975	38,699	35,924	21,620	28,131	27,497

Annual change in IPv4 Allocated addresses (millions) - Distribution by RIR

	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
APNIC	119.5	101.0	0.6	1.2	4.6	7.4	6.7	3.2	0.4	10.5	1.7	1.5	0.8
RIPE NCC	52.3	40.5	37.8	1.0	33.8	4.7	4.1	3.7	0.3	12.0	0.4	2.5	4.7
ARIN	27.2	53.8	24.3	19.0	−14.1	2.3	−4.8	−2.3	−0.3	−10.1	−0.9	−1.7	−3.8
LACNIC	17.1	13.6	17.3	26.3	18.7	1.2	1.5	1.4	0.1	2.4	1.2	−0.2	−0.3
AFRINIC	8.8	9.4	8.5	6.3	12.8	15.0	11.9	7.1	0.2	10.1	−0.2	−0.9	0.2
TOTAL	224.9	218.3	88.5	53.8	55.8	30.6	19.4	13.1	0.7	24.9	2.2	1.2	1.6

Volume of Transferred IPv4 Addresses per year (Millions of addresses)

Recieving RIR	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
APNIC	1.7	2.5	3.9	6.6	8.2	4.9	10.0	4.3	16.6	6.5	3.2
RIPE NCC	0.1	2.0	9.6	11.6	9.2	24.6	19.5	26.9	18.2	16.2	36.2
ARIN				0.1	0.3	0.2		0.3	0.2	0.2	3.0
LACNIC
AFRINIC							0.2	0.5	1.2	3.4	0.5
Total	1.7	4.5	13.6	18.2	17.6	29.7	29.7	31.9	36.2	26.4	42.9

Top 20 Economy-to-Economy IPv4 address transfers in 2021

Rank	From	To	Addresses (M)	Source	Destination
1	US	GB	3,816,192	USA	UK
2	US	SE	2,123,776	USA	Sweden
3	CN	SG	1,114,112	China	Singapore
4	ID	US	655,616	Indonesia	USA
5	CH	US	641,024	Switzerland	USA
6	GB	US	580,864	UK	USA
7	US	CN	525,312	USA	China
8	DE	US	465,408	Germany	USA
9	CH	JP	262,144	Switzerland	Japan
10	IT	US	147,456	Italy	USA
11	NL	DE	139,776	Netherlands	Germany
12	CL	BR	131,072	Chile	Brazil
13	IN	PH	131,072	India	Philippines
14	DE	TR	111,616	Germany	Turkey
15	GB	SE	101,376	UK	Sweden
16	US	DE	73,216	USA	Germany
17	US	JP	70,144	USA	Japan
18	AU	GB	67,584	Australia	UK
19	SE	US	67,584	Sweden	USA
20	JP	US	67,584	Japan	USA

IPv6 allocations by Year by Economy

Rank	2018		2019		2020		2021		2022
1	Brazil	1,049	Brazil	1,112	Brazil	1,394	USA	619	USA	638
2	Russia	638	USA	538	USA	588	Russia	576	India	377
3	USA	595	Russia	502	Indonesia	389	Brazil	508	Brazil	339
4	Germany	308	Germany	407	India	226	Netherlands	448	Bangladesh	239
5	China	253	Indonesia	366	Netherlands	199	India	390	Germany	158
6	Indonesia	213	Netherlands	342	Germany	192	UK	304	Russia	138
7	UK	184	UK	223	Bangladesh	182	Bangladesh	213	UK	125
8	Bangladesh	183	Bangladesh	202	Russia	128	Germany	196	Indonesia	113
9	India	168	France	179	Australia	118	Indonesia	110	Australia	100
10	Netherlands	162	China	165	China	115	Hong Kong(China)	108	Vietnam	91

IP Addresses through 2022: This article is reproduced from “The ISP Column-A monthly column on things Internet” of Geoff Huston's Blog

Figures & Tables

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IPv4 Allocated addresses by year

IPv4 Allocated Address Pools ranked by per-Capita holdings

IPv4 Available and Reserved Pools December 2022

Top 10 Countries Receiving Transferred IPv4 addresses in 2021

Routing changes across 2022 compared to the Transfer Log Entries for 2021 – 2022

IPv4 Address Transfers per year

IPv6 Address Allocation Volumes by Year by Economy (/32s)

IPv6 Allocated Address pools per National Economy – December 2022

IPv6 allocations by RIR

Average IPv6 address allocation size by RIR

IPv4 Allocated Address Pools per National Economy

Top 10 Countries Sourcing Transferred IPv4 addresses in 2021

IPv4 BGP changes over 2022

Number of individual Address Allocations, 2011 – 2022

Volume of Address Allocations, 2011 – 2022

IPv6 address allocation volumes by RIR

Annual change in IPv4 Allocated addresses (millions) - Distribution by RIR

Volume of Transferred IPv4 Addresses per year (Millions of addresses)

Top 20 Economy-to-Economy IPv4 address transfers in 2021

IPv6 allocations by Year by Economy