Figure 1.
Contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate
Figure 2.
Gravel map
TABLE I.
Principal component loading matrix
| Characteristic parameter | M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deceleration time ratio Td | 0.423 | 0.341 | −0.723 | 0.248 |
| Distance traveled S | 0.893 | 0.134 | 0.045 | 0.432 |
| Fragment duration T | 0.432 | 0.231 | −0.142 | 0.768 |
| Acceleration time ratio Ta | 0.394 | −0.156 | 0.060 | 0.491 |
| Cruise time ratio Tc | 0.341 | 0.835 | −0.045 | −0.138 |
| Average velocity Va | 0.499 | 0.763 | 0.025 | 0.255 |
| Average driving speed Vd | 0.778 | 0.315 | 0.112 | 0.358 |
| Speed standard deviation Vstd | 0.198 | 0.033 | 0.034 | 0.189 |
| Accelerate standard deviation astd | 0.145 | 0.267 | −0.067 | −0.121 |
| Average acceleration aa | 0.014 | 0.223 | 0.033 | 0.024 |
| Average deceleration ad | 0.566 | −0.433 | −0.052 | 0.315 |
| Idle Time Ratio Ti | 0.125 | −0.351 | 0.843 | 0.467 |
Figure 3.
Principal component analysis scatter plot
Figure 4.
Scatter plot of edge data points of working conditions
Figure 5.
Relative distance comparison of outliers
Figure 6.
Three-dimensional scatter plot of working conditions
Figure 7.
Working condition cluster analysis scatter plot
Figure 8.
Synthetic driving conditions
Figure 9.
SAFD difference between experimental data and synthetic conditions
Figure 10.
The results of the running time of the four methods
Figure 11.
The relationship between driving time and speed instant fuel consumption
Figure 12.
Relationship between driving time and instantaneous fuel consumption
Figure 13.
The relationship between driving speed and instantaneous fuel consumption
Figure 14.
The relationship between driving speed and accelerator pedal opening
Figure 15.
Instantaneous fuel consumption off for driving time and speed