
Green Transition, Energy and Economic Security: An Avoidable Dilemma
References
- Acemoglu, D., Aghion, P., Bursztyn, L., & Hemous, D. (2012). The environment and directed technical change. American Economic Review, 102(1), 131–166.
- Adomako, S., & Tran, M. D. (2024). Exploring the effect of R&D support, green technology transfer, sustainable innovation. Sustainable Development, 32(5), 4758–4769.
- Baldwin, R., & Freeman, R. (2022). Risks and global supply chains: What we know and what we need to know. Annual Review of Economics, 14, 153–180.
- Caravella, S., Costantini, V., & Crespi, F. (2021), Mission-Oriented Policies and Technological Sovereignty: The Case of Climate Mitigation Technologies. Energies, 14, 6854.
- Caravella, S., Crespi, F., Cucignatto, G., & Guarascio, D. (2024). Technological sovereignty and strategic dependencies: The case of the photovoltaic supply chain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140222.
- Chang, H. J., & Andreoni, A. (2020). Industrial policy in the 21st century. Development and change, 51(2), 324–351.
- Cheng, W., Appolloni, A., D’Amato, A., & Zhu, Q. (2018). Green public procurement, missing concepts and future trends: A critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 176, 770–784.
- Costantini, V., & Crespi, F. (2008). Environmental regulation and the export dynamics of energy technologies. Ecological Economics, 66(2–3), 447–460.
- Costantini, V., Crespi, F., Martini, C., & Pennacchio, L. (2015). Demand-pull and technology-push public support for eco-innovation: The case of the biofuels sector. Research Policy, 44(3), 577–595.
- Costantini, V., Crespi, F., & Palma, A. (2017). Characterizing the policy mix and its impact on eco-innovation: A patent analysis of energy-efficient technologies. Research policy, 46(4), 799–819.
- Crespi, F. (2016). Policy complexity and the green transformation of the economies as an emergent system property. Environ Econ Policy Stud, 18, 143–157.
- Crespi, F., Caravella, S., Menghini, M., & Salvatori, C. (2021). European technological sovereignty: An emerging framework for policy strategy. Intereconomics, 56(6), 348–354.
- Crespi, F., Geri, N., Guarascio, D., & Marvasi, E. (2026). Can strategic dependencies harm the acceleration towards net-zero transition? The case of the lithium-ion battery industry. LEM Working Paper Series, No. 2026/10. Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna.
- Edler, J., Blind, K., Kroll, H., & Schubert, T. (2023). Technology sovereignty as an emerging frame for innovation policy: Defining rationales, ends and means. Research Policy, 52(6), Article 104765.
- European Commission. (2024). Technological sovereignty of the EU. In Science, research and innovation performance of the EU 2024. European Commission.
- European Commission. (2026). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on European tech sovereignty, accompanied by an EU open source strategy (COM(2026) 503 final).
- Flanagan, K., Uyarra, E., & Laranja, M. (2011). Reconceptualising the ‘policy mix’ for innovation. Research policy, 40(5), 702–713.
- Geels, F. W., Kern, F., & Clark, W. C. (2023). System transitions research and sustainable development: Challenges, progress, and prospects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(47), e2206230120.
- Gehringer, A. (2023). Calibrating the EU’s trade dependency. Survival, 65(1), 81–96.
- Goedeking, N., & Rogge, K. S. (2026). Systemic acceleration capacity in net-zero transitions: Electrifying transportation in California. Environmental Politics, 1–28.
- Guarascio, D., Reljic, J., & Zezza, F. (2025). Energy vulnerability and resilience in the EU: Concepts, empirics and policy. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 52(3), 683–726.
- Guarascio, D., Reljic, J., & Simonazzi, A. (2026). United in Diversity? EU Core‐Periphery Divides at the Time of the Green Transition. Governance, 39(1), e70089.
- International Energy Agency. (2026). Global EV Outlook 2026. International Energy Agency. (2024). Advancing clean technology manufacturing.
- Johnstone, P., & Schot, J. (2023). Shocks, institutional change, and sustainability transitions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(47), e2206226120.
- Juhász, R., Lane, N. J., Oehlsen, E., & Perez, V. C. (2025). Measuring industrial policy: A text-based approach. NBER Working Paper, No. 33895. National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Kruse, T., Dechezleprêtre, A., Saffar, R., & Robert, L. (2022). Measuring environmental policy stringency in OECD countries: An update of the OECD composite EPS indicator. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1703. OECD Publishing.
- Meckling, J., & Nahm, J. (2018). When do states disrupt industries? Electric cars and the politics of innovation. Review of International Political Economy, 25(4), 505–529.
- Mudambi, R. (2008). Location, control and innovation in knowledge-intensive industries. Journal of Economic Geography, 8(5), 699–725. Nunez-Jimenez, A., Knoeri, C., Hoppmann, J., & Hoffmann, V. H. (2022).
- Beyond innovation and deployment: Modeling the impact of technology-push and demand-pull policies in germany’s solar policy mix. Research Policy, 51(10), 104585.
- OECD. (2024). Harnessing Public Procurement for the Green Transition. OECD Publishing.
- Rodrik, D., & Walt, S. M. (2022). How to build a better order: Limiting great power rivalry in an anarchic world. Foreign Affairs, 101(5), 142–155.
- Rogge, K. S., & Song, Q. (2025). Achilles’ heels of acceleration? Assessing critical capacity for transformative policy mixes. In Transformative Mission-Oriented Innovation Policies (pp. 284–302). Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Sovacool, B. K., Geels, F. W., Andersen, A. D., Grubb, M., Jordan, A. J., Kern, F., Kivimaa, P., Lockwood, M., Markard, J., Meadowcroft, J., Meckling, J., Moore, B., Raven, R., Rogge, K. S., Rosenbloom, D., Schmidt, T. S., Shot, J., Scharp, D., Stephenson, J., Vormedal, I. & Yang, K. (2025). The acceleration of low-carbon transitions: Insights, concepts, challenges, and new directions for research. Energy Research & Social Science, 121, Article 103948.
- Tchórzewska, K. B., Garcia-Quevedo, J., & Martinez-Ros, E. (2022). The heterogeneous effects of environmental taxation on green technologies. Research Policy, 51(7).
- Zoboli, R., Mazzanti, M., & Tagliapietra, S. (Eds.). (2024). Economic policies for the sustainability transition. MDPI.
Language: English
Page range: 203 - 210
Published on: Aug 10, 2026
Published by: ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 6 issues per year
Related subjects:
© 2026 Francesco Crespi, Nicolò Geri, Dario Guarascio, Enrico Marvasi, published by ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.