From Principles to Practice: Operationalising Europe’s Critical Raw Materials Strategy
References
- Arnstein, S. R. (2007). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4).
- Bridge, G. (2004). Contested Terrain: Mining and the Environment. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 29.
- Canas, N. (2024, October 4). Questions remain over France’s largest lithium mine project. Euractiv.
- Climate Action Network Europe. ( 2025). Community engagement and fair benefit sharing of renewable energy projects: Presenting policies and practices across Europe and guidelines for developers.
- Correia, V., & Falck, E. (2025). Europe’s Critical Raw Materials: Balancing Strategic Needs with Environmental Protection. Intereconomics, 60(5), https://doi.org/10.2478/ie‑2025‑0057
- Correia, V., Rosendo, L., & Falck, E. (2024a). Understanding the narratives in the public debate about mining in Europe. European Geologist, 57. Correia, V., Falck, E., & Komac, M. (2024b). Invisible Mining: Addressing
- EU Raw Material Challenges Through Technological Innovation. Inter-economics, 59(6). https://doi.org/10.2478/ie-2024-0067
- Dunlap, A., & Riquito, M. (2023). Social warfare for lithium extraction? Open‑pit lithium mining, counterinsurgency tactics and enforcing green extractivism in northern Portugal. Energy Research & Social Science, 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102912
- European Commission. (2008). The raw materials initiative - Meeting our critical needs for growth and jobs in Europe. COM(2008) 699.
- European Commission. (2017). Methodology for establishing the EU list of critical raw materials. Publications Office of the European Union. European Commission. (2024). EU Nature Restoration Law.
- European Union. (2024). Regulation (EU) 2024/1252 establishing a framework for ensuring a secure and sustainable supply of critical raw materials.
- Giebel, K., Moldvai, T., Popović, M., & Rajić, J. (2024, July 18). Lithium mining in Serbia: “An open and productive debate is not possible”. Heinrich Böll Stiftung.
- Hamor, T., Vidal‑Legaz, B., Zampori, L., Eynard, U., & Pennington, D. (2021a). A review of European Union legal provisions on the environmental impact assessment of non-energy minerals extraction projects. Publications Office of the European Union.
- Hámor‑Vidó, M., Hámor, T., & Czirok, L. (2021b). Underground space: The legal governance of a critical resource in circular economy. Resources Policy, 73, 102171.
- Kivinen, S., Kotilainen, J., & Kumpula, T. (2020). Mining conflicts in the European Union: environmental and political perspectives. Fennia, 198(1–2).
- Kristensen, P. (2004). The DPSIR framework. Paper presented at the workshop on a comprehensive assessment of the vulnerability of water resources to environmental change in Africa using a river basin approach. UNEP Headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Köllner, C., Heuss‑Aßbichler, S., & Bertau, M. (2023). Technological innovation in European mining: Advancing sustainability through digital transformation. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 188, 106642.
- Lesser, K., Ranängen, H., & Arvidsson, R. (2023). Social acceptance of mining in European countries: A comprehensive review of key issues. The Extractive Industries and Society, 12, 101171.
- Lusa. (2024, December 11). Portugal: Association refuses to accept lithium mine legitimacy. Aman Alliance / Lusa News.
- Newswire. (2024). Raglan Agreement: Raglan Mine and its Inuit partners celebrate 30 years of collaboration.
- O’Faircheallaigh, C. (2013). Community development agreements in the mining industry: an emerging global phenomenon. Community Development, 44(2).
- O’Faircheallaigh, C. (2014). Social equity and large mining projects: Voluntary industry initiatives, public regulation and community development agreements. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(1).
- Otto, J. M. (2010). Community Development Agreement, Model Regulations & Example Guidelines. Final Report. World Bank Group Contract, No. 7154096.
- Owen, J. R., & Kemp, D. (2017). Extractive relations: Countervailing power and the global mining industry. Routledge.
- Ovaskainen, N., Luodes, N., Eerola, T., & Marasmi, C. (2024). Sensitivity maps of potential conflicts over natural resources usage. Deliverable 3.2 of the Critical raw materials extraction in environmentally protected areas (CIRAN) project. Grant Agreement No. 101091483 of the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme.
- Cescon, M., Bednáriková, P., Robert‑Campos, H., & Rosendo, L. (2025). Guidelines for public engagement and dialogue. Results of public engagement activities. Deliverable 5.2 of the Critical raw materials extraction in environmentally protected areas (CIRAN) project. Grant Agreement No. 101091483 of the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme.
- Sternberg, T., Ahearn, A., & McConnell, F. (2019). From conflict to a Community Development Agreement: a South Gobi solution. Community Development Journal.
- Stewart, I. S., & Lewis, D. (2017). Communicating contested geoscience to the public: Moving from ‘matters of fact’ to ‘matters of concern’. Earth-Science Reviews, 174.
- Tiess, G. (2010). Minerals policy in Europe: Some recent developments. Resources Policy, 35(3).
- Tost, M., Hitch, M., Chandurkar, V., Moser, P., & Feiel, S. (2018). The state of environmental sustainability considerations in mining. Journal of Cleaner Production, 182.
- Tost, M., Lesser, P., Poelzer, G., Akhouri, U., & Gugerell, K. (2021). Social License to Operate (SLO) Guidelines for Europe. H2020 Project MIREU, Deliverable D4.3.
- World Bank. (2012). Mining Community Development Agreements. Source Book.
- Yamatji Marlpa Aboriginal Corporation. (YMAC; 2011). Pilbara groups reach agreement with Rio Tinto.
Language: English
Page range: 101 - 111
Published on: Apr 15, 2026
Published by: ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 6 issues per year
Related subjects:
© 2026 Vitor Correia, W. Eberhard Falck, Tamás Hamor, Marzia Cescon, Luis Rosendo, published by ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.