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Trump’s Tariffs, Global Trade and Europe’s Strategic Choice Cover

Trump’s Tariffs, Global Trade and Europe’s Strategic Choice

By: Daniel Gros  
Open Access
|Feb 2026

References

  1. Bagwell, K., & Staiger, R.W. (2001). Reciprocity, non-discrimination and preferential agreements in the multilateral trading system. European Journal of Political Economy, 17(2), 281–325.
  2. Eichengreen, B. (1989). International Monetary Instability Between the Wars: Structural Flaws or Misguided Policies? NBER Working Paper, No. 3124. National Bureau of Economic Research.
  3. European Commission. (2025). Joint Statement on a United States-European Union framework on an agreement on reciprocal, fair and balanced trade.
  4. European Policy Centre (EPC). 2025. Dead on arrival: Why von der Leyen ’ s deal must be undone.
  5. Gardner, G. W., & Kimbrough, K. P. (1990). The Economics of Country-Specific Tariffs. International Economic Review, 31(3), 575–588.
  6. Gros, D. (2025a). The Economics of Decoupling. Working Paper, No. 302. Institute for European Policymaking @ Bocconi University.
  7. Gros, D. (2025b). On Trump ’ s Tariffs, Europe Got the Best Deal Available. Institute for European Policymaking @ Bocconi University.
  8. Kindleberger, C. P. (1973). The world in depression, 1929-1939. University of California Press.
  9. Saggi, K. (2004). Tariffs and the most favored nation clause. Journal of International Economics, 63(2), 341–368.
  10. Sultan, S., & Matthes, J. (2025, September 18). Importabhängigkeit der USA von der EU: Eine detaillierte Bestandsaufnahme. IW-Report, 41/2025. Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln e. V.
  11. UNCTAD. (2025, December). Global Trade Update (December 2025): Global trade poised for a record-breaking 2025 as flows expected to surge past $35 trillion.
  12. Viner, J. (1950). The Customs Union Issue. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ie-2026-0006 | Journal eISSN: 1613-964X | Journal ISSN: 0020-5346
Language: English
Page range: 26 - 29
Published on: Feb 21, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:

© 2026 Daniel Gros, published by ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.