Have a personal or library account? Click to login
India’s Rape Crisis: Redefining India’s Rape Laws Based on a Constructive and Comparative Analysis of the Rape Epidemic in India and the United States Cover

India’s Rape Crisis: Redefining India’s Rape Laws Based on a Constructive and Comparative Analysis of the Rape Epidemic in India and the United States

By: Ritika Singh  
Open Access
|Feb 2020

References

  1. ANDERSON, Michelle J., Marital Immunity, Intimate Relationships, and Improper Inferences: A New Law on Sexual Offenses By Intimates, Hastings Law Journal, 2003, vol. 54, pp. 1463–1572.10.2139/ssrn.439504
  2. AYYAR, Ranjani. Women can match men’s pay after 150 years!, The Times of India. [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/women-can-match-mens-pay-after-150-years/articleshow/57528707.cms---gt--- Accessed 09.30.2019
  3. BUCKLEY, Alex. Gender Oppression, inequality and Gender Roles In India and Southwestern United States: How British Colonial Rule and American Internal Colonialism Perpetuated Gender Roles and Oppression. [online]. Available at: ---lt---https://people.smu.edu/knw2399/2015/04/30/gender-oppression-inequality-and-gender-roles-in-india-and-southwestern-united-states-how-british-colonial-rule-and-american-internal-colonialism-perpetuated-gender-roles-and-oppression/---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  4. CRARY, David. Divided America: Gender equality in 2016? It’s complicated. [online]. Available at: ---lt---https://apnews.com/9eb970efc58042b5a4aeda76fd4e7123/divided-america-gender-equality-2016-its-complicated---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  5. DOMINIC, K.V. Multiculturalism in India: A Wonder to the World. [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://profkvdominic.blogspot.com/2016/04/multiculturalism-in-india-wonder-to.html---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  6. GODSOE, Cynthia. Why 20 States Treat Raping Your Wife As A Lesser Crime. [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://talkingpointsmemo.com/cafe/spousal-rape-lesser-crime-in-20-states---gt--- Accessed: 09.25.2019.
  7. GOULD, Elise, SCHIEDER, Jessica. “Women’s work” and the gender pay gap. [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://www.epi.org/publication/womens-work-and-the-gender-paygap-how-discrimination-societal-norms-and-other-forces-affect-womens-occupational-choices-and-their-pay/---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  8. How the dominant man subjugates other men, women and society, [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://www.orfonline.org/research/how-dominant-man-subjugates-men/---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  9. Huffington Post, Delhi Bus Gang Rape Victim Has Intestines Removed As Shocking Details Of Assault Emerge. [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/20/delhi-bus-gang-rape-victim-intestines-shocking-details_n_2340721.html---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.19
  10. JILOHA, R.C. From Rape to Sexual Assault: Legal Provisions and Mental Health Implications. [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://www.indjsp.org/text.asp?2015/31/1/9/161992---gt--- Accessed: 09.25.201910.4103/0971-9962.161992
  11. KAPUR, Mallika, SINGH, Harmeet Shah. New Delhi rape exposes the perils of being woman in India. [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/21/world/asia/india-rape-danger/---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  12. KRISHNAN, Kavita. Rape Culture and Sexism in Globalising. Sur International Journal On Human Rights, 2015, vol. 22 no. 255, p. 256.
  13. LUTZ-PRIEFERT, Megan. A Call for a More Permanent International Definition of Rape, 6 Creighton International ---amp--- Comparative Law Journal, 2015, vol. 6, no. 85, p. 87.
  14. MCDOUGAL, Lotus, RAJ, Anita. Sexual violence and rape in India. [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(14)60435-9.pdf. ---gt---Accessed: 09.30.2019
  15. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. [online]. Available at: ---lt---https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Democratic-Republican---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  16. MILLER, Jeremy M. Mens Rea Quagmire: The Conscience or Consciousness of the Criminal Law. Western State University Law Review, 2001, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 21–56.
  17. NIGAM, Shalu. The Social And Legal Paradox Relating To Marital Rape In India: Addressing Structural Inequalities. [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://www.countercurrents.org/nigam030615.htm---gt--- Accessed: 09.25.2019.
  18. NUSSBAUM, Martha C. India: Implementing Sex Equality Through Law. Chicago Journal of International Law. 2001, vol. 2, no. 38 p. 39.
  19. RAI, Saritha. India: Reforming rape laws. [online]. Available at: ---lt---https://www.pri.org/stories/2010-10-29/india-reforming-rape-laws---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  20. RAO, P P Jagadish, SHETTY, Aditi Suresh, KUMAR, B Suresh. Legal Terrorism in Domestic Violence – An Indian Outlook. Medico-Legal Journal. 2012, vol. 80, no. 33, p. 35.10.1258/mlj.2012.011037
  21. RAVITZ, Jessica. Women in the World: Where the U.S. Falters in quest for equality. [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/16/us/american-women-world-rankings/index.html---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  22. SACHDEV, Chhavi. Rape Is A Crime In India – But There Are Exceptions, NPR.org. [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/04/13/473966857/rape-is-a-crime-in-india-with-one-exception---gt--- Accessed: 09.25.2019
  23. SIEGAL, Weintraub Lalenya. The Marital Rape Exemption: Evolution to Extinction, 43 Cleveland State Law Review, 1995, vol. 43, no. 351, p. 356.
  24. SITTON, Jaye. Old Wines in New Bottles: The Marital Rape Allowance, 1993, North Carolina Law Review, vol. 72, no. 261, p. 263.
  25. SMILOWITZ, Ariel. For U.S. Women, Inequality Takes Many Forms. [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ariel-smilowitz/for-us-women-inequality-takes-many-forms_b_7064348.html---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  26. THE WORLD BANK. [online]. Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.FE.ZS?end=2016---amp---locations=IN-US---amp---start=2016---amp---view=bar---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  27. The World Factbook, C.I.A. [online]. Available: ---lt---https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html---gt--- Accessed on: 09.25.2019.
  28. USA Today, 4 convicted in fatal gang-rape that shocked India will be hanged. [online]. Available at: ---lt---https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/05/05/gang-rape-india-death-sentence/101320278/---gt--- Accessed: 09.25.2019
  29. VOLOKH, Eugene. The American tradition of multiculturalism. [online]. Available at: ---lt---https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/01/27/the-american-tradition-of-multiculturalism/?utm_term=.e41a07156ecc---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  30. Women in the Labour Force: India, Catalyst, [online]. Available at: ---lt---http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/women-labour-force-india---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
  31. WOOLLEY, Lee Morgan. Marital Rape: A Unique Blend of Domestic Violence and Non-Marital Rape Issues, 2007, Hastings Women’s Law Journal, vol. 18, no. 269, p. 272.
  32. WORLD HEALTH ORG., Changing culture and social norms that support violence. [online]. Available at: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/norms.pdf---gt--- Accessed: 09.30.2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2019-0013 | Journal eISSN: 2464-6601 | Journal ISSN: 12138770
Language: English
Page range: 7 - 26
Published on: Feb 7, 2020
Published by: Palacký University Olomouc
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2020 Ritika Singh, published by Palacký University Olomouc
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.