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First report of Pratylenchus parazeae (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) associated with rice in Vietnam Cover

First report of Pratylenchus parazeae (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) associated with rice in Vietnam

Open Access
|Nov 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig 1.

Females of Pratylenchus parazeae from Vietnam under the light microscope. A: entire body; B-C: anterior region; D: vulval region; E: ovary; F: post-vulval uterine sac; G: lateral field at midbody; H-M: tail region. (Arrows point to phasmids; scale bars: A=50 μm; B-M=10μm).
Females of Pratylenchus parazeae from Vietnam under the light microscope. A: entire body; B-C: anterior region; D: vulval region; E: ovary; F: post-vulval uterine sac; G: lateral field at midbody; H-M: tail region. (Arrows point to phasmids; scale bars: A=50 μm; B-M=10μm).

Fig 2.

Phylogenetic relationships of Pratylenchus parazeae and related species based on the D2-D3 segment of 28S rDNA region, inferred using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method with the K2+G+I model (BIC = 9596.839, AICc = 8978.033; lnL = –4412.786; +I = 0.40; +G = 1.23; R = 2.19; base frequencies: A = 0.25, T = 0.25, C = 0.25, G = 0.25). Numbers on branches represent bootstrap values from 1,000 replicates. Sequences generated in this study are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Pratylenchus parazeae and related species based on the D2-D3 segment of 28S rDNA region, inferred using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method with the K2+G+I model (BIC = 9596.839, AICc = 8978.033; lnL = –4412.786; +I = 0.40; +G = 1.23; R = 2.19; base frequencies: A = 0.25, T = 0.25, C = 0.25, G = 0.25). Numbers on branches represent bootstrap values from 1,000 replicates. Sequences generated in this study are indicated in bold.

Fig 3.

Phylogenetic relationships of Pratylenchus parazeae and other Pratylenchus species based on the 18S rDNA region, inferred using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method with the K2+G+I model (BIC = 10340.526, AICc = 9590.047; lnL = -4706.815; +I = 0.53; +G = 0.85; R = 1.79; base frequencies: A = 0.25, T = 0.25, C = 0.25, G = 0.25). Bootstrap values from 1,000 replicates are shown on branches. Sequences from this study are highlighted in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Pratylenchus parazeae and other Pratylenchus species based on the 18S rDNA region, inferred using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method with the K2+G+I model (BIC = 10340.526, AICc = 9590.047; lnL = -4706.815; +I = 0.53; +G = 0.85; R = 1.79; base frequencies: A = 0.25, T = 0.25, C = 0.25, G = 0.25). Bootstrap values from 1,000 replicates are shown on branches. Sequences from this study are highlighted in bold.

Measurements of Pratylenchusparazeae from Vietnam and China_ All measurements are in μm (except for ratio) and in the form: mean±s_d_ (range)

CharactersVinh Phuc, VietnamBaise city, Guangxi, ChinaLaibin city, Guangxi, ChinaHechi city, Guangxi, ChinaLaibin city, Guangxi, China
This studyWang et al., 2015Wang et al., 2015Wang et al., 2015Wu et al., 2019
n2620202012
L576±33 (519-638)588±38 (528–683)628±43 (532–705)649±26 (600–697)605 (486-686)
Lip height3±0.3 (2.6-3.3)2.9±0.2 (2.5–3.2)2.5±0.2 (2.2–3.0)2.8±0.2 (2.5–3.4)-
Lip width7.6±0.3 (7.1-8.6)8.6±0.4 (8–9.2)8.6±0.3 (8.0–9.1)8.6±0.3 (7.8–9.1)-
Stylet length17.4±0.3 (16.9-18.2)17.3±0.4 (16.7–18.1)17.7±0.4 (17.0–18.5)18.3±0.3 (17.7–19.2)18.3 (16.5-19.2)
Shaft length8.9±0.4 (8.5-9.8)9.1±0.3 (8.3–9.7)9.5±0.3 (8.6–10.0)9.8±0.2 (9.5–10.5)-
Knob height2.2±0.2 (1.8-2.5)2.3±0.2 (2.0–2.5)2.3±0.2 (2.0–2.7)2.4±0.1 (2.1–2.6)-
Knob width4±0.3 (3.6-4.7)4.1±0.2 (3.9–4.5)4.3±0.3 (3.9–4.7)4.2±0.2 (3.8–4.6)-
DGO3.6±0.3 (3-4)3.1±0.3 (2.5–3.7)3.0±0.3 (2.6–3.4)3.1±0.3 (2.6–3.6)-
Anterior end to center of median bulb59±3 (52-66)60±4 (52–67)56±3 (52–62)60±2 (55–65)-
Median bulb length12.9±0.9 (11.3-14.8)13.7±0.8 (12.8–15.3)13.5±0.6 (12.6–14.7)14.7±0.7 (13.9–15.8)-
Median bulb width10±0.8 (8.6-11.7)10.4±0.9 (9.1–11.8)10.8±0.4 (10–11.3)11.1±0.4 — (10.8–11.9)-
Anterior end to nerve ring72±3 (67-78)----
Anterior end to excretory pore87±5 (78-97)84±4 (76–90)94±6 (82–103)93±5 (78–99)-
Anterior end to cardia96±5 (86-105)93±5 (84–103)90±4 (85–99)93±4 (86–102)-
Anterior end to end of pharyngeal gland137±7 (122-148)130±6 (117–139)140±9 (123–158)137±8 (125–158)-
Pharyngeal overlapping41±4 (33-47)38±4 (29–44)50±9 (31–66)44±7 (34–66)-
Cuticle annuli width1.3±0.2 (1-1.7)----
Max. body diam.22±3 (17.7-27)24±2 (19.3–27)21±1.3 (18.7–24)24±2 (21–26)28 (24-33)
Vulval body diam.20±2 (16.7-24)22±1 (20–24)21±1 (18.2–23)23±2 (20–26)-
Anterior genital tract length159±26 (121-218)177±38 (118–263)145±20 (115–204)165±27 (133–243)-
Post-uterine sac43±5 (34-50)41±6 (36–53)40±4 (33–49)50±6 (42–61)-
Vulva to anus distance118±14 (93-147)121±11 (107–152)130±12 (106–151)152±12 (134–176)-
Anal body diam.12.6±1.2 (10.7-16.1)14.1±1.4 (12.2–16.2)14.1±0.7 (13.0–15.3)15.3±0.7 (13.7–16.1)-
Tail length36±3 (32-41.9)37±3 (32–42)38±2 (33–42)40±3 (35–44)9.0 (8.1-9.2)
No. of tail annuli27±3 (23-34)25±2 (22–28)29±2 (25–33)32±3 (25–36)-
Lateral field width6.4±1 (5.3-9.2)6±0.6 (5.1–7.1)6.0±0.6 (5.2–7.3)6.8±1.0 (5.7–7.6)-
Phasmid from tail terminus17.4±2.1 (15.2-19.9)17.7±2.1 (15.2–21)18.9±2.4 (16.2–24)21±1.2 (18.9–24)-
V%73±2 (70-75)73±1 (71–75)73±1 (72–74)71±1 (69–73)72 (71-74)
a26±3 (22-30)25±2 (22–28)30±2 (26–34)27±2 (24–30)26 (23-29)
b6±0.3 (5.5-6.5)6.4±0.5 (5.6–7.7)7.0±0.5 (6.2–7.9)7.0±0.4 (6.1–7.7)6.3 (5.5-7.5)
b'4.2±0.2 (3.8-4.5)4.5±0.3 (4.1–5.2)4.5±0.3 (3.7–5.2)4.7±0.3 (4.1–5.3)-
c16.1±0.9 (14.7-17.7)15.9±1.1 (13.5–17.3)16.8±1.1 (14.6–18.6)16.5±1.1 (15.3–19.6)16.7 (13.1-20.0)
c'2.9±0.3 (2.4-3.3)2.6±0.2 (2.3–3.1)2.7±0.2 (2.3–3.0)2.6±0.2 (2.3–3.0)-
E.P. (%)15.2±0.9 (13.2-16.3)14.3±0.8 (12.9–15.6)15.0±0.5 (14.0–16.1)14.3±0.7 (12.4–15.5)-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2025-0024 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605
Language: English
Page range: 259 - 267
Submitted on: May 25, 2025
Accepted on: Aug 1, 2025
Published on: Nov 26, 2025
Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Mathematical Institute
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 T. D. Nguyen, T. M. L. Le, H. T. Nguyen, H. A. Le, Q. P. Trinh, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Mathematical Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.