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Harnessing crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, to eliminate Schistosome transmitting snails in the Mwea irrigation scheme, Kenya Cover

Harnessing crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, to eliminate Schistosome transmitting snails in the Mwea irrigation scheme, Kenya

Open Access
|Nov 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Snail collection points in Mwea Area Kirinyaga Count.
Snail collection points in Mwea Area Kirinyaga Count.

Appendix 1.

Crayfish trap with few caught P. clarkii.
Crayfish trap with few caught P. clarkii.

Appendix 2.

Snail scoop used to catch crayfish in littoral shallow water.
Snail scoop used to catch crayfish in littoral shallow water.

Appendix 3.

Torn and tattered mosquito net invented by villagers to trap crayfish.
Torn and tattered mosquito net invented by villagers to trap crayfish.

Fig. 2.

Snail abundance and prevalence of S. mansoni infection in the study habitats during the rainy season (November – December 2022).
Snail abundance and prevalence of S. mansoni infection in the study habitats during the rainy season (November – December 2022).

Fig. 3.

Snail abundance and prevalence of S. mansoni infection in the study habitats during the dry season (March – April 2022).
Snail abundance and prevalence of S. mansoni infection in the study habitats during the dry season (March – April 2022).

Fig. 4.

Ability of crayfish to survive and establish thriving populations in Mwea streams habitats after introduction.
Ability of crayfish to survive and establish thriving populations in Mwea streams habitats after introduction.

Fig. 5.

Predation potential of P. clarkii in Mokou stream.
Predation potential of P. clarkii in Mokou stream.

Fig. 6.

Predation potential of P. clarkii in Nice stream.
Predation potential of P. clarkii in Nice stream.

Fig. 7.

Predation potential of P. clarkii in Nineveh stream.
Predation potential of P. clarkii in Nineveh stream.

Fig. 8.

Predation potential of P. clarkii in Mianya stream.
Predation potential of P. clarkii in Mianya stream.

Fig. 9.

Predation potential of P clarkii in Nguka stream.
Predation potential of P clarkii in Nguka stream.

Fig. 10.

Impact of water velocity and vegetation cover on predation potential of crayfish against snails.
Impact of water velocity and vegetation cover on predation potential of crayfish against snails.

Relative abundance of crayfish in the sampled sites (Baseline)_

SiteProcambarus clarkiiRelative Abundance (%)
Mianya00.0
Murinduko00.0
Nice8237.6
Nineveh00.0
Nguka10447.7
Mokou3214.7

The association between the Crayfish and the snail population in various study sites_

ModelSiteEstimateSTD ErrorR2P-value95% CI
1Mokou-6.0023.1650.33930.09976-13.48561 – 1.482581
2Mianya-1.4321.6770.094350.4214-5.398256 – 2.533673
3Nineve-2.1333.3010.05630.5387-9.939124 – 5.672457
4Nguka0.88980.46510.34340.09729-0.2099173 – 1.989456
5Nice-0.21870.37480.046390.5779-1.105067 – 0.667622

Species Checklist of some of the native aquatic biodiversity_

TaxaScooped, trapped and seen
CrustaceansCrabs and crayfish
ColeopteraWater beetles
HemipteraWater scorpions, Belostoma
EphemeropteraMayfly
Odonatadragonfly
Plecopterastonefly
HirudinaLeeches
PiscesCichlids, mudfish
DipteraAdult mosquitoes and larva
Ceratopogonidaebiting midges
GastropodaBi-valves, Lymnea, Belamya, Pila ovata, Melanoides tuberculata, Ancylids, physa acuta, Apple snail eggs and adults, Ceratophallus.
NematodesOligochaetes,
Water fowlsComorants, Little egrets, Egyptian geese, open billed stocks, whistling ducks, quilea quilea, African jacana
AmphibiansToads and frogs
ReptilesMonitor lizards (Varanus niloticus)
MacrophytesSubmerged: Ceratophyllum demersum and Najas horrida.Emergent: Arrow arum, Papyrus,Floating aquatic plants: Water lettuce, Elephant’s eye, Water hyacinth

Summary of mean abiotic features over the 2-year study period and coordinates of study areas_

Water pHWater turbidity (ppt)Water temp. (°C)Water Velocity (m/S)Air velocity (m/S)Air temp. (°C)GPS
Mokou7.970.0921.90.50.727.8Lat. 0°41’5.14482”Long.37°20’40.58988”EAlt. 1115.14 M
Nguka7.10.1125.70.23.8333.4Lat. 0°38’38.55” SLong. 37°18’1772’EAlt. 1179.99M
Nice7.330.1525.60729.5Lat. 0°39’58.30”SLong. 37°21’45.38”EAlt. 1145.14M
Mianya7.450.0522.90.42.228Lat. 0°38’10.49”SLong. 37°19’25.85’EAlt. 1168.59M
Nineveh6.880.0625.1010.227.3Lat. 0°37’31.44”SLong. 37°21’59.07”EAlt. 1145.14M
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2025-0020 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605
Language: English
Page range: 241 - 253
Submitted on: Mar 12, 2025
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Accepted on: Jul 30, 2025
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Published on: Nov 26, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open

© 2025 G. M. Maina, N. Mbugi, W. R. Mukabana, D. O. Odongo, E. A. Lelo, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.