Survey of internal parasites in captive ungulates from Lahore parks, Pakistan

Survey of internal parasites in captive ungulates from Lahore parks, Pakistan

Helminthologia

Volume 62 (2025): Issue 2 (June 2025)

By:

S. Irum, M. Faiz, K. Aftab, K. Aftab, Mehjabeen,, H. Zulqarnain and S. Gondal

Open Access

|Sep 2025

Figures & Tables

Post-hoc test for comparison of parasitic burden among various antelopes species_

Dependent Variable	(I) species	(J) species	Mean Difference (I-J)	Std. Error	Sig.
*Trypanosoma*	black buck	urial	-0.177	0.151	0.768
		hog deer	-0.050	0.137	0.996
		mouflon sheep	-0.227	0.148	0.540
		nilgai	-0.127	0.164	0.937
	urial	black buck	0.177	0.151	0.768
		hog deer	0.127	0.140	0.894
		mouflon sheep	-0.050	0.151	0.997
		nilgai	0.050	0.167	0.998
	hog deer	black buck	0.050	0.137	0.996
		urial	-0.127	0.140	0.894
		mouflon sheep	-0.177	0.137	0.692
		nilgai	-0.077	0.154	0.987
	mouflon sheep	black buck	0.227	0.148	0.540
		urial	0.050	0.151	0.997
		hog deer	0.177	0.137	0.692
		nilgai	0.100	0.164	0.973
	nilgai	black buck	0.127	0.164	0.937
		urial	-0.050	0.167	0.998
		hog deer	0.077	0.154	0.987
		mouflon sheep	-0.100	0.164	0.973
*Theileria*	black buck	Urial	-0.014	0.103	10.000
		hog deer	0.072	0.093	0.937
		mouflon sheep	0.091	0.100	0.893
		nilgai	-0.264	0.111	0.131
	urial	black buck	0.014	0.103	10.000
		hog deer	0.085	0.095	0.897
		mouflon sheep	0.105	0.103	0.846
		nilgai	-0.250	0.113	0.186
	hog deer	black buck	-0.072	0.093	0.937
		urial	-0.085	0.095	0.897
		mouflon sheep	0.019	0.093	10.000
		nilgai	-0.335^*	0.104	0.015
	mouflon sheep	black buck	-0.091	0.100	0.893
		urial	-0.105	0.103	0.846
		hog deer	-0.019	0.093	10.000
		nilgai	-0.355^*	0.111	0.016
	nilgai	black buck	0.264	0.111	0.131
		urial	0.250	0.113	0.186
		hog deer	0.335^*	0.104	0.015
		mouflon sheep	0.355^*	0.111	0.016
*Babesia*	black buck	urial	0.227	0.118	0.310
		hog deer	0.098	0.106	0.887
		mouflon sheep	-0.045	0.115	0.995
		nilgai	-0.173	0.128	0.660
	urial	black buck	-0.227	0.118	0.310
		hog deer	-0.129	0.110	0.764
		mouflon sheep	-0.273	0.118	0.149
		nilgai	-0.400^*	0.130	0.023
	hog deer	black buck	-0.098	0.106	0.887
		urial	0.129	0.110	0.764
		mouflon sheep	-0.144	0.106	0.661
		nilgai	-0.271	0.120	0.168
	mouflon sheep	black buck	0.045	0.115	0.995
		urial	0.273	0.118	0.149
		hog deer	0.144	0.106	0.661
		nilgai	-0.127	0.128	0.857
	nilgai	black buck	0.173	0.128	0.660
		urial	0.400^*	0.130	0.023
		hog deer	0.271	0.120	0.168
		mouflon sheep	0.127	0.128	0.857
*Moniezia*	black buck	urial	-0.205	0.118	0.420
		hog deer	-0.277	0.107	0.078
		mouflon sheep	0.000	0.115	10.000
		nilgai	-0.221	0.128	0.422
	urial	black buck	0.205	0.118	0.420
		hog deer	-0.073	0.110	0.964
		mouflon sheep	0.205	0.118	0.420
		nilgai	-0.017	0.131	10.000
	hog deer	black buck	0.277	0.107	0.078
		urial	0.073	0.110	0.964
		mouflon sheep	0.277	0.107	0.078
		nilgai	0.056	0.120	0.990
	mouflon sheep	black buck	0.000	0.115	10.000
		urial	-0.205	0.118	0.420
		hog deer	-0.277	0.107	0.078
		nilgai	-0.221	0.128	0.422
	nilgai	black buck	0.221	0.128	0.422
		urial	0.017	0.131	10.000
		hog deer	-0.056	0.120	0.990
		mouflon sheep	0.221	0.128	0.422
*Strongyloides*	black buck	urial	0.045	0.113	0.994
		hog deer	-0.116	0.102	0.787
		mouflon sheep	-0.364^*	0.110	0.011
		nilgai	-0.355^*	0.123	0.037
	urial	black buck	-0.045	0.113	0.994
		hog deer	-0.161	0.105	0.541
		mouflon sheep	-0.409^*	0.113	0.004
		nilgai	-0.400^*	0.125	0.015
	hog deer	black buck	0.116	0.102	0.787
		urial	0.161	0.105	0.541
		mouflon sheep	-0.248	0.102	0.116
		nilgai	-0.239	0.115	0.239
	mouflon sheep	black buck	0.364^*	0.110	0.011
		urial	0.409^*	0.113	0.004
		hog deer	0.248	0.102	0.116
		nilgai	0.009	0.123	10.000
	nilgai	black buck	0.355^*	0.123	0.037
		urial	0.400^*	0.125	0.015
		hog deer	0.239	0.115	0.239
		mouflon sheep	-0.009	0.123	10.000
*Paramphistomum*	black buck	urial	0.082	0.133	0.972
		hog deer	-0.076	0.120	0.969
		mouflon sheep	-0.182	0.130	0.628
		nilgai	-0.152	0.144	0.830
	urial	black buck	-0.082	0.133	0.972
		hog deer	-0.158	0.123	0.703
		mouflon sheep	-0.264	0.133	0.281
		nilgai	-0.233	0.147	0.508
	hog deer	black buck	0.076	0.120	0.969
		urial	0.158	0.123	0.703
		mouflon sheep	-0.106	0.120	0.904
		nilgai	-0.075	0.135	0.981
	mouflon sheep	black buck	0.182	0.130	0.628
		urial	0.264	0.133	0.281
		hog deer	0.106	0.120	0.904
		nilgai	0.030	0.144	10.000
	nilgai	black buck	0.152	0.144	0.830
		urial	0.233	0.147	0.508
		hog deer	0.075	0.135	0.981
		mouflon sheep	-0.030	0.144	10.000
*Haemonchus*	black buck	urial	-0.009	0.125	10.000
		hog deer	-0.199	0.113	0.398
		mouflon sheep	-0.136	0.122	0.797
		nilgai	-0.242	0.136	0.386
	urial	black buck	0.009	0.125	10.000
		hog deer	-0.190	0.116	0.476
		mouflon sheep	-0.127	0.125	0.847
		nilgai	-0.233	0.138	0.446
	hog deer	black buck	0.199	0.113	0.398
		urial	0.190	0.116	0.476
		mouflon sheep	0.063	0.113	0.981
		nilgai	-0.043	0.127	0.997
	mouflon sheep	black buck	0.136	0.122	0.797
		urial	0.127	0.125	0.847
		hog deer	-0.063	0.113	0.981
		nilgai	-0.106	0.136	0.935
	nilgai	black buck	0.242	0.136	0.386
		urial	0.233	0.138	0.446
		hog deer	0.043	0.127	0.997
		mouflon sheep	0.106	0.136	0.935

Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the prevalence of the specified parasitic infections among different antelopes species_

	T.	T.S.	B.	T.A.	M.A.	M.B.	T.G.	S.P.	P.C.	H.C.
Chi-Square	2.178	14.025	3.085	0.565	7.185	0.561	1.856	6.801	1.547	4.467
Df	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Asymp. Sig.	0.337	0.001	0.214	0.754	0.028	0.756	0.395	0.033	0.461	0.107

Prevalence of internal parasites in captive ungulates_

Prevalence
Parasites	Black buck	Urial	Hog deer	Mouflon Sheep	Nilgai
*Trypanosoma*	27	45	32	50	40
*Theileria*	13.63	15	6.45	4.54	40
*Babesia*	22.72	0	12.90	27.27	40
*Moniezia*	18.18	10	0	4.54	46.66
*Trichuris*	4.54	25	32.25	4.54	26.66
*Strongyloides*	9.09	35	45.16	27.27	6.66
*Paramphistomum*	9.09	10	58.06	9.09	6.66
*Haemonchus*	4.54	0	16.12	40.90	40
Total	108%	140%	201%	165%	244%

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2025-0016 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 111 - 119

Submitted on: Jan 31, 2025

Accepted on: Jun 10, 2025

Published on: Sep 30, 2025

Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 times per year

Keywords:

parasites,

GIT infection,

captive wildlife ruminants,

zoological parks

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Zoology,

Ecology,

Life sciences, other,

Medicine,

Clinical medicine,

Microbiology, virology and infection epidemiology

© 2025 S. Irum, M. Faiz, K. Aftab, K. Aftab, Mehjabeen,, H. Zulqarnain, S. Gondal, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous article Volume 62 (2025): Issue 2 (June 2025)Next article

Survey of internal parasites in captive ungulates from Lahore parks, Pakistan

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Post-hoc test for comparison of parasitic burden among various antelopes species_

Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the prevalence of the specified parasitic infections among different antelopes species_

Prevalence of internal parasites in captive ungulates_

Paradigm

My account