Table 1.
The list of fish species from the stomachs of great cormorants.
| Fish species | Fish family | Number of individuals | The number of cormorants in which the fish species was found |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) | Cyprinidae | 57 | 35 |
| Common bream (Abramis brama) | 11 | 9 | |
| White bream (Blicca bjoerkna) | 7 | 2 | |
| Bleak (Alburnus alburnus) | 15 | 3 | |
| Barbel (Barbus barbus) | 1 | 1 | |
| Asp (Leuciscus aspius) | 1 | 1 | |
| Carp (Cyprinus carpio) | 9 | 7 | |
| Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) | 3 | 3 | |
| Hypophthalmichthys sp. | 2 | 2 | |
| Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) | Percidae | 34 | 13 |
| Perch (Perca fluviatilis) | 4 | 3 | |
| Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) | 1 | 1 | |
| Schraetzer (Gymnocephalus schraetser) | 1 | 1 | |
| Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) | Siluridae | 1 | 1 |
| Black bullhead catfish (Ameiurus melas) | Ictaluridae | 21 | 6 |
| Northern pike (Esox lucius) | Esocidae | 2 | 2 |
Fig. 1.
Line drawing of the trematode species commonly found in the intestines of cormorants: a – Petaseiger exaeretus, b – Petasiger radiatus, c – Petasiger phalacrocoracis, d – Hysteromorpha triloba. Scale bars: a, d – 200 μm; b, c – 500 μm.
Table 2.
Prevalence of trematodes isolated and identified by molecular analysis from the digestive system of great cormorants from Biharugra
| Trematoda species | Prevalence |
|---|---|
| Petasiger exaeretus | 17/57 (29.8%) |
| Petasiger radiatus | 23/57 (40.4%) |
| Petasiger phalacrocoracis | 3/57 (5.2%) |
| Hysteromorpha triloba | 3/57 (22.8%) |
| Metorchis orientalis | 1/57 (1.7%) |
Fig. 2.
Phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood estimation of Petasiger (a) Hysteromorpha (b) and Metorchis (c) samples with related sequences deposited inGenBank. Samples from the present study are in bold. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site.
Table 3.
The list of digenean trematode species documented from great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) in Europe. Some of the references use former species names, therefore the listed names here are not necessarily identical with names in the original references.
| Species | References |
|---|---|
| Apatemon gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819) | 5 |
| Apophallus mühlingi (Jägerskjöld, 1899) | 6, 9, 11 |
| Aporchis croaticus (Stossich, 1889) | 12 |
| Ascocotyle longa Ransom, 1920 | 8, 9, 11 |
| Cercarioides aharonii Witenberg, 1929 | 5, 8, 9, 11 |
| Ciureana cryptocotyloides Issaitschikov, 1923 | 6 |
| Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) | 10, 12 |
| Cryptocotyle concava (Creplin, 1825) | 3, 4, 5, 6 |
| Cryptocotyle lingua (Creplin, 1825) | 6 |
| Echinochasmus amphibolus Kotlán, 1922 | 12 |
| Echinochasmus coaxatus Dietz, 1909 | 4, 5, 13 |
| Echinochasmus mergi (Cannon, 1939) | 12 |
| Echinochasmus mordax (Looss, 1899) | 6 |
| Echinochasmus muraschkinzevi Baschkirova, 1941 | 12 |
| Echinochasmus spinulosus (Rudolphi, 1809) | 4, 5 |
| Echinoparyphium recurvatum (von Linstow, 1873) | 12 |
| Echinostoma revolutum (Fröhlich, 1802) | 12 |
| Galactosomum cochleariforme (Rudolphi, 1819) | 6 |
| Galactosomum lacteum (Jägerskiöld, 1896) | 6, 8, 9, 11 |
| Galactosomum phalacrocoracis Yamaguti, 1939 | 6 |
| Galactosomum puffini Yamaguti, 1941 | 6 |
| Heterophyes aequalis Looss, 1902 | 8, 9, 11 |
| Holostephanus dubinini Vojtek & Vojtkova, 1968 | 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13 |
| Hysteromorpha triloba (Rudolphi, 1819) | 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15 |
| Maritrema linguilla Jägerskiöld, 1908 | 12 |
| Maritrema subdolum Jägerskiöld, 1909 | 12 |
| Metagonimus yokogawai (Katsurada, 19129 | 5, 6 |
| Metorchis xanthosomus (Creplin, 1846) | 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15 |
| Neoharvardia shigini Iskova, Stenko & Sudarikov, 1992 | 6 |
| Patagifer parvispinosus Yamaguti, 1933 | 12 |
| Petasiger exaeretus Dietz, 1909 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15 |
| Petasiger phalacrocoracis (Yamaguti, 1939) | 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 |
| Petasiger radiatus (Dujardin, 1845) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 |
| Petasiger testitrifolius (Gogate, 1934) | 12 |
| Posthodiplostomum cuticola (Nordmann, 1832) | 5 |
| Prosthogonimus cuneatus (Rudolphi, 1809) | 12 |
| Pygidiopsis genata Looss, 1907 | 6 |
| Renicola secundus Skrjabin, 1924 | 11 |
| Stephanoprora polycestus (Dietz, 1909) | 6 |
| Stephanoprora pseudoechinata (Olsson, 1876) | 4, 5, 12 |
| Tylodelphys clavata (von Nordmann, 1832) | 3, 4, 11, 13, |
| Uroproctepisthmium bursicola (Creplin, 1937) | 12 |
10 Ossmann (2008),
12 Sonin (1985, 1986),