Fig. 1.
Cities of Bessarabia (Ukraine) in which turkey farms were studied.
Table 1.
Prevalence of endoparasites in turkeys of different age groups kept in poultry houses in the Bessarabia in 2023.
| Parasite | 30–60 days old, n=270 | 90–120 days old, n=318 | 150–180 days old, n=220 | 360 and > days old, n=117 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infected | Prevalence (%) | Infected | Prevalence (%) | Infected | Prevalence (%) | Infected | Prevalence (%) | |
| Protozoans | ||||||||
| Histomonas meleagridis | 58 | 21.5 | 56 | 17.6 | 13 | 5.9 | 8 | 6.8 |
| Eimeria spp. | 31 | 11.5 | 12 | 3.8 | 7 | 3.1 | 2 | 1.7 |
| Cryptosporidium baileyi | 42 | 15.5 | 9 | 2.8 | 3 | 1.4 | – | – |
| Tetratrichomonas gallinarum | 9 | 3.3 | 12 | 3.8 | 8 | 3.6 | 1 | 0.8 |
| Nematodes | ||||||||
| Ascaridia dissimilis | 8 | 3.0 | 27 | 8.5 | 21 | 9.5 | 4 | 3.4 |
| Heterakis gallinarum | 26 | 9.6 | 53 | 16.6 | 38 | 17.2 | 12 | 10.3 |
| Capillaria spp. | 6 | 2.2 | 21 | 6.6 | 12 | 5.5 | 3 | 2.5 |
| Cestodes | ||||||||
| Davainea meleagridis | 3 | 1.1 | 18 | 5.6 | 14 | 6.3 | 4 | 3.4 |
| Raillietina echinobothrida | – | – | 8 | 2.5 | 11 | 5.0 | 3 | 2.5 |
Table 2.
Prevalence of endoparasites in turkeys of different age groups kept in free-ranging in the Bessarabia in 2023.
| Parasite | 30–60 days old, n=250 | 90–120 days old, n=346 | 150–180 days old, n=240 | 360 and > days old, n=108 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infected | Prevalence (%) | Infected | Prevalence (%) | Infected | Prevalence (%) | Infected | Prevalence (%) | |
| Protozoans | ||||||||
| Histomonas meleagridis | 39 | 15.6 | 35 | 10.1 | 11 | 4.6 | 5 | 4.6 |
| Eimeria spp. | 18 | 7.2 | 19 | 5.4 | 11 | 4.6 | 2 | 1.8 |
| Cryptosporidium baileyi | 27 | 10.8 | 12 | 3.5 | 1 | 0.4 | – | – |
| Tetratrichomonas gallinarum | 4 | 1.6 | 11 | 3.1 | 9 | 3.7 | 3 | 2.7 |
| Nematodes | ||||||||
| Ascaridia dissimilis | 11 | 4.4 | 41 | 11.8 | 14 | 5.8 | 6 | 5.5 |
| Heterakis gallinarum | 24 | 9.6 | 48 | 13.9 | 39 | 16.2 | 9 | 8.3 |
| Capillaria spp. | 7 | 2.8 | 15 | 4.3 | 13 | 5.4 | 4 | 3.7 |
| Cestodes | ||||||||
| Davainea meleagridis | 6 | 2.4 | 34 | 9.8 | 36 | 15.0 | 11 | 10.2 |
| Raillietina echinobothrida | 5 | 2.0 | 28 | 8.1 | 31 | 12.9 | 9 | 8.3 |
Graph 1.
Prevalence of endoparasites in turkeys 30 – 60 days old in the Bessarabia in 2023.
Graph 2.
Prevalence of endoparasites in turkeys 90 – 120 days old in the Bessarabia in 2023.
Fig. 2.
Inflammation of the caecum with perforation of the wall during the acute course of histomonosis in turkeys 90 – 120 days old.
Fig. 3.
Miliary necrosis of the liver during the chronic course of histomonosis in turkeys 90 – 120 days old.
Fig. 4.
The small intestine of 90 – 120 days old turkey infected with Ascaridia dissimilis.
Graph 3.
Prevalence of endoparasites in turkeys 150 – 180 days old in the Bessarabia in 2023.
Graph 4.
Prevalence of endoparasites in turkeys 360 days old and older in the Bessarabia in 2023.
Fig. 5.
The small intestine of a 360-day-old turkey infected with Raillietina echinobothrida.
Fig. 6.
The small intestine of a 360-day-old turkey infected with Davainea meleagridis.