Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Prevalence and mean intensity of helminths from bats collected in Cavinti Underground River and Cave Complex (CURCC), Cavinti, Laguna with respect to host’s sex, diet, age, and roosting site_
| Host Characteristic | n | Prevalence (%) | Mean Intensity | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (# of parasites/bat) | Prevalence | Mean Intensity | ||||
| Sex | Male | 91 | 49.5 | 4.0 | 0.032* | 0.231 |
| Female | 81 | 33.3 | 16.0 | |||
| Diet | Fruit bats | 64 | 26.6 | 3.3 | 0.019* | 0.006* |
| Insectivorous bats | 108 | 44.4 | 9.9 | |||
| Roosting Site | Cave-dwelling | 141 | 41.8 | 8.9 | 0.019* | 0.009* |
| Non-cave dwelling | 31 | 19.4 | 1.7 | |||
| Age | Sub-adult | 43 | 37.2 | 3.5 | 0.653 | 0.171 |
| Adult | 129 | 41.1 | 9.1 | |||
Number of bat hosts infected (% prevalence) infected by helminths identified in Cavinti Underground River and Cave Complexes (CURCC), Laguna_
| Helminth Taxon | Number of hosts infected (Prevalence %) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R. amplexicaudatus | P. jagori | H. diadema | H. pygmaeus | R. rufus | R. inops | M. paululus | |
| Trematodes | |||||||
| Acanthatrium sp. | - | - | - | - | 3 (33%) | 11 (64.71%) | 18 (75%) |
| Prosthodendrium sp. | - | - | 2 (13.33%) | - | - | - | - |
| Nematodes | |||||||
| Nycteridostrongylus | - | - | 1 (6.67%) | - | 1 (11.11%) | 1 (5.88%) | 12 (50%) |
| Toxocara sp. | 8 (25%) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cestodes | |||||||
| Vampirolepis sp. | 6 (18.18%) | 5 (38.46%) | 1 (6.67%) | 3 (15.00%) | 4 (44.44%) | - | 6 (25.00%) |
List of bat species including prevalence (P, %) and mean intensity (MI, mean number of helminths/bat individual) of each helminth group isolated from bats collected in Cavinti Underground River and Cave Complex (CURCC), Cavinti, Laguna_
| Bat Species | n | Trematodes | Nematodes | Cestodes | TOTAL | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | MI | P | MI | P | MI | P | MI | ||
| Rousettus amplexicaudatus | 32 | 0 | 0 | 14.29 | 3 | 25.71 | 4 | 40 | 4 |
| Cynopterus brachyotis | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.25 | 3 | 6.25 | 3 |
| Ptenochirus jagori | 13 | 0 | 0 | 38.46 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 38.4 | 1 |
| Haplonycteris fischerii | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Eonycteris robusta | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hipposideros lekaguli | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hipposideros diadema | 15 | 13.33 | 11 | 6.67 | 2 | 26.67 | 1 | 40 | 5 |
| Hipposideros pygmaeus | 21 | 5 | 1 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 2 |
| Rhinolophus inops | 17 | 64.76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.88 | 1 | 64.71 | 6 |
| Rhinolophus arcuatus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rhinolophus rufous | 9 | 33.33 | 3 | 22.22 | 4 | 44.44 | 2 | 66.67 | 3 |
| Miniopterus paululus | 24 | 75 | 20 | 25 | 2 | 50 | 4 | 91.3 | 18 |
| Myotis horsefieldii | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| TOTAL | 172 | 18.97 | 13 | 12.64 | 3 | 12.07 | 2 | 39.66 | 8 |