In vivo anthelmintic potentials of Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida against gastrointestinal parasite (Heligmosomoides bakeri) Cover

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In vivo anthelmintic potentials of Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida against gastrointestinal parasite (Heligmosomoides bakeri)

Volume 60 (2023): Issue 4 (December 2023)

By: F. T. Ojo, O. A. Idowu, K. O. Ademolu and J. O. Olukunle

Open Access

|Dec 2023

Figures & Tables

Egg per gram of faeces of H. bakeri in infected mice treated with (A) extract of G. latifolium at 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight (B) P. nitida at 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight.

Micrographs of Intestinal segments of (A) untreated mice with severe villi atrophy and intra-luminal parasite (black arrow). (B) mice treated with 500mg/kg G. latifolium showing moderate villi atrophy (black arrow) and cryptal hyperplasia (blue arrow). (C) mice treated with 500mg/kg P. nitida showing moderate villi (black arrows) atrophy (D) positive control showing cryptal hyperplasia (blue arrow) HE x400.

Biochemical parameters of H_ bakeri infected mice treated with extracts of G_ latifolium and P_ nitidaRows with values bearing the same superscript are not significantly different (p>0_05)_Values were expressed as mean ± standard error of means_ Mean values presented were from three mice in a group_

Parameter	300mg/kg GL	500mg/kg GL	300mg/kg PN	500mg/kg PN	Albendazole	Untreated	Uninfected untreated
Glucose (mg/dl)	117.61 ± 4.71^d	123.21 ± 4.46^d	75.45 ± 2.94^a	88.63 ± 3.86^b	81.50 ± 1.21^ab	100.28 ± 2.61^c	122.00 ± 1.53^d
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	80.17 ± 1.80^bc	81.53 ± 4.50^bc	68.90 ± 4.04^b	89.29 ± 5.31^c	78.30 ± 5.29^bc	82.37 ± 8.76^bc	40.67 ± 0.67^a
T. Protein (g/dl)	3.77 ± 0.27^ab	6.53 ± 1.42^bc	2.11 ± 0.38^a	3.62 ± 0.38^ab	4.61 ± 1.07^ab	6.49 ± 1.38^bc	8.27 ± 0.27^c
Albumin (g/dl)	2.21 ± 0.09^ab	2.55 ± 0.45^ab	1.37 ± 0.51^a	1.96 ± 0.15^ab	2.78 ± 0.44^ab	2.49 ± 0.31^ab	3.27 ± 0.07^b
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	83.68 ± 5.67^b	122.32 ± 6.58^e	116.30 ± 5.67^de	119.62 ± 3.92^de	103.21 ± 7.12^cd	98.35 ± 4.72^bc	24.67 ± 0.67^a
HDL (mg/dl)	52.39 ± 0.06^c	41.51 ± 1.88^b	33.94 ± 1.33^b	50.43 ± 4.82^c	32.68 ± 4.37^b	38.22 ± 3.40^b	10.33 ± 0.33^a
LDL (mg/dl)	11.05 ± 0.71^a	15.55 ± 1.30^a	11.70 ± 1.58^a	14.94 ± 1.27^a	24.87 ± 0.48^b	24.48 ± 6.30^b	25.40 ± 0.20^b

Phytochemicals, proximate composition and mineral contents of G_ latifolium (roots) and P_ nitida (seeds)_

	*G. latifolium*	*P. nitida*	p-value
Phytochemicals (mg/100g)
Saponin	579.67 ± 0.88	115.00 ± 0.58	0.00
Alkaloid	396.67 ± 0.88	290.33 ± 0.89	0.00
Tannin	2.00 ± 0.12	2.90 ± 0.12	0.01
Flavonoid	3.27 ± 0.08	5.33 ± 0.07	0.00
Total Polyphenol	138.67 ± 0.89	217.00 ± 0.57	0.00
Proximate composition (%)
Crude protein	10.50 ± 0.00	14.43 ± 0.22	0.00
Ash	11.70 ± 0.35	3.37 ± 0.33	0.00
Crude fat	2.22 ± 0.52	3.36 ± 0.33	0.14
Carbohydrate	41.90 ± 0.02	29.70 ± 0.01	0.00
Moisture	7.05 ± 0.03	8.61 ± 0.00	0.00
Mineral content (mg/kg)
Calcium	48843.33 ± 83.33	473.33 ± 23.33	0.00
Magnesium	11846.67 ± 43.33	1543.33 ± 28.40	0.01
Zinc	127.13 ± 0.00	82.56 ± 0.00	0.00
Copper	35.19 ± 0.00	25.91 ± 0.01	0.00
Iron	2173.91 ± 0.01	445.44 ± 0.22	0.00
Manganese	423.0 ± 0.58	72.25 ± 0.32	0.00
Potassium	19891.0 ± 0.58	22217.59 ± 3.13	0.00
Phosphorus	217.02 ± 0.58	598.19 ± 0.95	0.00

Daily chemosuppression (%) of H_ bakeri infection in mice administered single extract of G_ latifolium, P_ nitida and albendazole_Values presented are mean from three mice in a group_

Days

	During treatment					Post treatment
Treatments	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
300mg/kg GL	17.38	19.22	23.76	24.70	33.66	36.05	39.13	43.54	42.87	41.14	40.88
500mg/kg GL	40.00	44.39	53.57	56.23	56.73	60.52	63.12	64.11	65.03	65.82	63.84
300mg/kg PN	47.24	67.00	70.65	72.01	76.96	77.65	81.00	81.81	83.41	84.17	84.91
500mg/kg PN	54.17	70.71	77.48	77.64	88.73	89.23	90.50	90.75	91.46	91.77	92.45
Albendazole	27.07	56.47	72.98	73.29	73.69	86.79	90.01	90.91	91.62	92.41	92.61

Worm burden of infected mice treated with extract of G_ latifolium, P_ nitida and albendazoleValues were expressed as mean ± standard error of means_ Columns with values bearing the same superscript are not significantly different (p<0_05)_Mean values presented were from three mice in a group_

Treatment	Worm burden	Deparasitization (%)
300mg/kg GL	57.50 ± 0.50^c	21.23
500mg/kg GL	40.75 ± 1.11^b	44.17
300mg/kg PN	20.00 ± 2.08^a	72.60
500mg/kg PN	16.67 ± 0.33^a	77.16
Albendazole	19.33 ± 0.67^a	73.52
Untreated	73.00 ± 1.15^d

Acute toxicity studies of mice treated with extracts of G_ latifolium and P_ nitida_

	No.Dead/No.Alive		Clinicalsigns

Dose(mg/kg)	*G.latifolium*	*P.nitida*	*G.latifolium*	*P.nitida*
10	0/3	0/3	Noobservablesign	Noobservablesign
100	0/3	0/3	,,	,,
1000	0/3	0/3	,,	,,
1600	0/3	0/3	,,	,,
2900	0/3	0/3	,,	,,
5000	0/3	0/3	,,	,,

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0033 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605

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Language: English

Page range: 336 - 347

Submitted on: Oct 25, 2022

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Accepted on: Sep 21, 2023

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Published on: Dec 31, 2023

Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: Volume open

Keywords:

anthelmintic activity

Related subjects:

Life sciences, other,

Clinical medicine,

Microbiology, virology and infection epidemiology

© 2023 F. T. Ojo, O. A. Idowu, K. O. Ademolu, J. O. Olukunle, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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