Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Genetic pairwise distance estimating for different populations of M_ sigmaturus (numbers 1–7) and M_ arenicolus (number 8) [upper matrix indicates standard error)_
| species | Accession number | Locality | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M. sigmaturus N18_988 | OM278259 | Pakistan | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.004 | |
| 2 | M. sigmaturus N19_988 | OM278260 | Pakistan | 0.008 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | |
| 3 | M. sigmaturus N21_988 | OM278261 | Pakistan | 0.012 | 0.016 | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.007 | |
| 4 | M. sigmaturus N22_988 | OM278262 | Pakistan | 0.007 | 0.010 | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.003 | |
| 5 | M. sigmaturus | AB361447 | Japan | 0.012 | 0.012 | 0.045 | 0.009 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.002 | |
| 6 | M. sigmaturus | AY284755 | The Netherlands | 0.014 | 0.010 | 0.047 | 0.012 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.001 | |
| 7 | M. sigmaturus | AB361446 | Japan | 0.012 | 0.012 | 0.033 | 0.009 | 0.000 | 0.008 | 0.002 | |
| 8 | M. arenicolus | AF036596 | UK | 0.013 | 0.010 | 0.042 | 0.010 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.008 |
Morphometric data of different populations of Mylonchulus sigmaturus along with other populations of M_ sigmaturus from different ecological zones_ All measurements are in µm except body length_
| References | Present specimens | Koohkan et al., (2014) | Ahmad et al., (2010) | Farahmand et al., (2009) | De Bruin & Heyns (1992) | Chaves (1990) | Khan & Saeed (1987) | Coetzee (1966) | Mulvey (1961) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Locality | Pakistan | Iran | Japan | Iran | South Africa | Argentina | Pakistan | South Africa | Sweden | |
| n | 40♀♀ | 1♂ | 5 ♀♀ | 10♀♀ | 11♀♀ | 1 ♀ | 18 ♀♀ | 1♀ | 4 ♀♀ | 58♀♀ |
| L | 1.22 ±1.056 (1.04– 1.46) | 1.21 | 1.294 ± 4.94 (1.22 – 1.36) | 1.30 ± 0.08 (1.16 – 1.46) | 1.20 ±1.29 (1.01 – 1.46) | 1.25 | 1.12 ± 0.1 (1.0 – 1.32) | 0.95 | 1.1 (1.1 – 1.2) | 1 – 1.7 |
| a | 28.04 ±2.02 (25.8 – 33.7) | 31.8 | 31.7 ± 1.3 (30.1 – 33.3) | 29.7 ± 1.27 (27.3 – 31.8) | 28.0 ± 2.1 (24.1 – 30.7) | 34.7 | 29.7 ± 2.3 (26 – 36.2) | 23 | 23.1 (29 – 33) | 24 – 47 |
| b | 3.475 ± 0.196 (3.1 – 3.9) | 3.4 | 3.5 ± 0.1 (3.4 – 3.6) | 3.37 ± 0.12 (3.16 – 3.55) | 3.7 ± 0.2 (3.2 – 3.9) | 3.3 | 3.3 ± 0.2 (3.2 – 3.8) | 4 | 3.2 (3.1 – 3.3) | 3 – 4 |
| c | 35.17 ± 3.52 (26.0 – 40.93) | 28.8 | 32.8 ± 5.6 (27.8 – 42.1) | 35 ± 2.4 (30.5 – 38.6) | 27.5 2.6 (26.6 – 30.7) | 37.9 | 30 ± 2.6 (2558 – 32.2) | 17.9 | 26.9 (25 – 29) | 24 – 39.2 |
| ć | 1.205 ± 0.115 (1.0 – 1.42) | 1.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 (1.2 – 1.9) | 1.21 ± 0.07 (1.1 – 1.3) | 1.4 ± 0.2 (1.1 – 1.8) | 1.5 | 1.4 ± 0.2 (1.2 – 1.6) | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1 – 1.8 |
| V | 65.72 ± 2.217 (60.41 – 70.6) | -- | 64 ± 1.1 (63.1 – 65.9) | 65.14 ± 1.4 (62.9 – 67.3) | 62.8± 1.9 (59.7 – 66.4) | 65 | 64.6 ± 1.5 (62 – 68) | 58.4 | 66.0 (66 – 67) | 50 – 77 |
| G1 | 9.92 ± 1.50 (6.1 – 14.0) | -- | 18.7 ± 1.5 (18 – 20) | 14.15 ± 3.69 (7 – 20) | 12.1 ± 0.8 (11.1 – 12.9) | - | - | 13.7 | 1.4 (9.2 – 11.8) | - |
| G2 | 9.731 ± 1.77 (5.4 – 14.4) | -- | 18.0 ± 4.0 (13 – 22) | 11.3 ± 2.5 (9 – 18) | 10.5± 1.3 (8.5 – 11.7) | - | - | - | 9.5 (9.1 – 9.8) | - |
| Lip region width | 24.54 ± 1.44 (22 – 27) | 22 | 24.2 ± 1.5 (23 – 27) | 25.1 ± 1.4 (23 – 27) | 24.6±1.8 (22.4 – 28) | 23 | 21.5 ± 1.8 (20 – 25) | 23.2 | 19.1 | - |
| Buccal cavity length | 25.75 ± 1.198 (25 – 27) | 26 | 24.7 ± 0.8 (24 – 26) | 25 ± 1.06 (24 – 27) | 22.9± 1.4 (21 – 25.2) | 26 | 22.7 ± 1.4 (20 – 25) | 26.5 | 22.1 | 20 – 31 |
| Buccal cavity width | 16 ± 2.01 (15 – 17) | 15 | 14.1 ± 0.4 (14 – 15) | 15.2 ± 0.4 (15 – 16) | 15.8±0.7 (15.4 – 16.8) | 13 | 14.3 ± 1.0 (13 – 16) | 13.1 | 9.6 | 11 – 17 |
| Dorsal tooth apex % of buccal cavity | 78.5 ± 1.945% (74 – 80%) | 77 | 81.2 ± 2.6 (79 – 85) | 80.2±4.6 (72.2 – 87.6) | 15 | 77.2 ± 2.6 (74 – 81) | 20 | - | ||
| Amphid position from anterior end | 9 ± 1.07 (8 – 10) | 11 | 12±0.0 (12) | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Amphidial aperture diameter | 4.50±0.31 (4 – 5) | 5 | 3.0±0.0 (3) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Excretory pore from anterior end | 102.5 ± 3.05 (94 – 113) | -- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Nerve ring from anterior end | 82.166 ± 3.46 (80– 90) | 84 | 104.9±11.3 (89 – 117) | 108 ± 3.6 (102 – 114) | 99.6±11.9 (87.5 – 122.5) | - | - | - | - | |
| Neck length | 348.8 ± 17.6 (318 – 372) | 352 | 367.5± 10.2 (355 – 379) | 386 ± 12 (370 – 410) | 330.6±29.3 (297.5 – 392) | - | 293.7 ± 12.3 (279 – 309) | - | - | |
| Body diameter at: | -- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Neck base | 37.12 ± 3.91 (30 – 47) | 36 | 37.1±1.8 (35 – 39) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Mid body | 43.75 ± 3.78 (38 – 50) | 38 | 40.9±2.3 (39 – 44) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Anus | 29.04 ± 1.92 (26 – 33) | 37 | 27.3±3.0 (24 – 31) | - | 30.9±1.4 (28 – 31.5) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rectum | 21.91 ± 1.49 (20 – 24) | -- | 21.4±2.1 (18 – 24) | 21 ± 2.4 (17 – 25) | 24.5±3.1 (21 – 28) | - | - | - | - | |
| Tail length | 35 ± 4.20 (30 – 50) | 42 | 40.3±6.2 (31 – 47) | 38.6 ± 2.6 (35 – 42) | 44.2±5.5 (35 – 52.5) | 33 | 33.2 ± 3.5 (29 – 37) | 26.5 | - | |
| Tail length as % of total body length | 2.76 ± 0.288 (2.26% – 3.38%) | 3.46 | 3.1±0.5 (2 – 4) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Spicules | -- | 46 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gubernaculum | -- | 18 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Factor score for different populations of M_ sigmaturus_
| Observation | F1 | F2 |
|---|---|---|
| P1 | −0.629 | −1.704 |
| P2 | −0.112 | −2.305 |
| P3 | 0.224 | 0.378 |
| P4 | 0.436 | 0.645 |
| Koohkan et al., (2014); Iran | −0.725 | 1.769 |
| Chaves (1990); Argentina | −2.506 | 0.567 |
| Coetzee (1966); South Africa | −2.479 | −0.303 |
| de Bruin & Heyns (1992); South Africa | −1.260 | 2.193 |
| Khan & Saeed (1987); Pakistan | −1.636 | −4.145 |
| Ahmad et al., (2010); Japan | −0.034 | 1.920 |
| Farahmand et al., (2009); Iran | 0.122 | −0.773 |
| Mulvey (1961); Sweden | −0.414 | 2.491 |
| M. arenicolus | 9.168 | −0.271 |
Factor loading for different populations of M_ sigmaturus_
| F1 | F2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Body length (BL) | 0.486 | 0.360 |
| a | 0.170 | 0.833 |
| b | 0.110 | −0.568 |
| c | 0.106 | 0.550 |
| c′ | −0.621 | 0.398 |
| V | 0.116 | 0.430 |
| G1 | −0.799 | 0.256 |
| G2 | −0.816 | 0.231 |
| Lip region width (LW) | 0.897 | −0.109 |
| Buccal cavity length (BCL) | 0.576 | 0.164 |
| Buccal cavity width (BCW) | 0.614 | 0.350 |
| Dorsal tooth apex (DTA%) | 0.141 | −0.357 |
| Amphid to anterior end | 0.109 | 0.532 |
| Amphid diameter | 0.082 | −0.769 |
| Nerve ring to anterior end (NR) | 0.412 | 0.150 |
| Neck length | 0.851 | 0.005 |
| Neck base diameter (NBD) | 0.104 | 0.646 |
| Mid-body diameter (MBD) | 0.980 | −0.123 |
| Anal body diameter (ABD) | 0.867 | −0.180 |
| Rectum | 0.941 | −0.123 |
| Tail length (TL) | 0.903 | 0.083 |
| TL%BL | 0.803 | 0.380 |