Prevalence of flukes (Fasciola hepatica and paramphistomids) in cattle in south-eastern Mexico

Year	Type of sample	State	Number of samples
2018	Faeces for determination of trematode eggs	Tabasco	193
2018	Faeces for determination of trematode eggs	Chiapas	98
2019	Faeces for determination of liver and rumen fluke eggs	Tabasco	227
		Chiapas	34
		Campeche	50
	Presence of liver and rumen flukes in slaughtered cattle	Tabasco	83
	Presence of liver and rumen flukes in slaughtered cattle	Chiapas	325
Total			1010

Morphological identification of *Cotylophoron cotylophorum* and *Paramphistomum cervi*.

Table 2.

Average faecal fluke egg (liver and rumen flukes) counts in cattle in southeastern Mexico according to sex, age and origin.

Variable	N	Mean	SE	Q1	Median	Q3
Fasciola hepatica egg per gram of faeces (epg)
Male	11	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.7
Female	129	8.7	1.0	2.0	4.0	12.0
Steers (< 3 years)	11	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.7
Cows (> 3 years)	129	9.2	1.1	2.0	4.0	14.0
Tabasco	107	10.3	1.2	2.0	4.0	16.0
Chiapas	33	2.7	0.9	0.0	0.7	4.0
Rumen fluke egg per gram of faeces (epg)
Male	11	0.7	0.4	0.0	0.7	1.3
Female	130	3.1	0.4	0.0	2.0	4.0
Steers (< 3 years)	11	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.7
Cows (> 3 years)	130	3.3	0.4	0.0	2.0	4.0
Tabasco	107	3.4	0.5	0.0	2.0	4.0
Chiapas	34	1.9	0.4	0.0	0.7	2.0
Trematode egg per gram of faeces (epg)
Male	11	0.9	0.4	0.0	1.3	1.3
Female	136	11.4	1.2	2.0	4.0	15.0
Steers (< 3 years)	11	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.7	1.3
Cows (> 3 years)	136	12.0	1.3	2.0	6.0	16.0
Tabasco	107	13.7	1.5	2.0	8.0	18.0
Chiapas	40	4.5	0.9	1.3	2.0	6.5

[i] N number of samples. SE Standard error. Q1 First quartile. Q3 Third quartile.

Fluke counts after cattle slaughter in southeastern Mexico by origin, sex and age.

Table 3.

Prevalence of flukes in cattle in a humid warm climate of Mexico by study variable.

Risk factor		Fasciola hepatica	Rumen fluke	Trematodes
	N	Positives (%)	Positives (%)	N	Positives (%)
Year
2018^*	291	-	-	291	94 (32.3)
2019	719	134 (18.6)	240 (33.4)	719	300 (41.7)
Type of sample
Eggs in faeces	311	130 (41.8)	131 (42.1)	602	281 (46.7)
Flukes	408	4 (1.0)	109 (26.7)	408	113 (27.7)
Physiographic zone
Flood-prone areas	278	117 (42.1)	138 (49.6)	321	216 (67.3)
Hillocks	441	17 (3.9)	102 (23.1)	689	178 (25.8)
Sex
Male	204	1 (0.5)	52 (25.5)	212	52 (24.5)
Female	515	133 (25.8)	188 (36.5)	798	342 (42.9)
Age
Steers >1<3 years	187	1 (0.5)	45 (24.1)	254	57 (22.4)
Young cows (<7)	424	131 (30.9)	160 (37.7)	623	289 (46.4)
Old cows (> 7y)	108	2 (1.8)	35 (32.4)	133	48 (36.1)
State
Tabasco	310	109 (35.2)	119 (38.4)	503	207 (41.2)
Chiapas	359	25 (7.0)	102 (28.4)	457	168 (36.8)
Campeche	50	0 (0.0)	19 (38.0)	50	19 (38.0)

N. Total number of animals sampled.

* In 2018 the prevalence was only for trematodes eggs.

Table 4.

Odds ratio of the study variables that affect the presence of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica and rumen fluke) in cattle in a hot humid climate.

Risk factor	B	Standard error	Wald	Odds ratio	95% CI
Constant	−3.9	0.8	22.45
Type of sample
Fluke	Baseline			1.00
Eggs in faeces	1.19	0.49	6.0	3.3^*	1.27–8.53
Physiographic zone
Hillocks	Baseline			1.00
Flood-prone areas	2.48	0.37	44.7	11.98^**	5.78–24.82
Sex
Female	Baseline			1.00
Male	−0.35	0.49	0.52	0.71^ns	0.27–1.83
Age
Old cows (> 7y)	Baseline			1.00
Steers >1<3 years	−0.81	0.53	2.33	0.44^ns	0.16–1.26
Young cows (<7)	−0.24	0.42	0.32	0.78^ns	0.35–1.79
State
Campeche	Baseline			1.00
Tabasco	1.98	0.61	10.46	7.27^**	2.19–24.21
Chiapas	3.29	0.75	18.90	26.88^**	6.09–118.51

** P-value highly significant <0.01,

* significant <0.05,

ns not significant >0.05,

CI confidence interval

Table 5.

Odds ratio of the study variables that affect the presence of liver and rumen fluke in cattle in a hot humid climate.

	Fasciola hepatica					Rumen fluke
Risk factor	B	SE	Wald	Odds ratio	95% CI	B	SE	Wald	Odds ratio	95% CI
Constant	−21.31	261.6	0.006			−2.05	0.71	8.23
Type of sample
Fluke	Baseline			1.0					1.0
Eggs in faeces	2.8	0.67	17.4	16.35^**	4.4–60.8	0.43	0.45	0.88	1.53^ns	0.63–3.73
Physiographic zone
Hillocks	Baseline			1.0					1.00
Flood-prone areas	2.8	0.38	50.35	15.76^**	7.36–33.76	1.6	0.36	19.15	4.94^**	2.41–10.1
Sex
Female	Baseline			1.0					1.0
Male	−2.8	1.28	4.92	0.058^*	0.005–0.72	−0.09	0.44	0.05	0.91^ns	0.38–2.17
Age
Old cows (> 7y)	Baseline			1.0					1.0
Steers	0.12	1.61	0.05	1.13^ns	0.05–26.67	−0.59	0.52	1.28	0.55^ns	0.19–1.54
Young cows (<7)	0.96	0.98	0.96	2.6^*	1.38–17.7	−0.45	0.43	1.07	0.64^ns	0.27–1.49
State
Campeche^Ω	-	-	-	-	-	Baseline			1.00
Chiapas	Baseline			1.0		1.33	0.65	4.2	3.78^*	1.06–13.5
Tabasco	−0.31	0.6	0.29	0.73^ns	0.24–2.25	0.68	0.51	1.8	1.98^ns	0.72–5.4

** P-value highly significant <0.01,

* significant <0.05,

ns not significant >0.05,

CI confidence intervals.

Ω Liver fluke was not observed in Campeche.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0017 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605

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Language: English

Page range: 141 - 151

Submitted on: Feb 21, 2023

Accepted on: May 15, 2023

Published on: Sep 22, 2023

Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: Volume open

Keywords:

Related subjects:

Zoology,

Ecology,

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Clinical medicine,

Microbiology, virology and infection epidemiology

© 2023 J. C. Hernández-Hernández, R. González-Garduño, D. O. Ortiz-Pérez, A. Villa-Mancera, M. S. Arias-Vázquez, A. Paz-Silva, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 60 (2023): Issue 2 (June 2023)

Prevalence of flukes (Fasciola hepatica and paramphistomids) in cattle in south-eastern Mexico

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