Fig. 1.
The location of sample collection sites.
Fig. 2.
The spatial distribution of the endoparasites in the dogs’ excrements from public places.
Table 1.
Parasitological evaluation of dog's excrement from public places.
| N | P | OR | 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Villages | 137 | 32 | 0.36 | 0.23 – 0.55 |
| Towns* | 624 | 284 | 1.79 – 4.19 | ||
| Settlements** | 42 | 34 | 5.98 | 2.73 – 13.10 | |
| Toxocara canis | Villages | 137 | 14 | 0.37 | 0.20 – 0.66 |
| Towns* | 624 | 146 | 1.49 – 4.80 | ||
| Settlements** | 42 | 22 | 4.13 | 2.20 – 7.75 | |
| f. Ancylostomatidae | Villages | 137 | 5 | 0.27 | 0.10 – 0.68 |
| Towns* | 624 | 76 | 1.45 – 9.23 | ||
| Settlements** | 42 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Toxascaris leonina | Villages | 137 | 1 | 0.20 | 0.02 – 1.50 |
| Towns* | 624 | 2 | 0.66 – 37.19 | ||
| Settlements** | 42 | 8 | 7.54 | 3.14 – 18.10 | |
| Trichuris vulpis | Villages | 137 | 12 | 0.60 | 0.31 – 1.13 |
| Towns* | 624 | 86 | 0,88 – 3,14 | ||
| Settlements** | 42 | 15 | 3.75 | 1.93 – 7.31 | |
| Ascaris spp. | Villages | 137 | 4 | 6.22 | 1.37 – 28.14 |
| Towns* | 624 | 3 | 0.03 – 0.72 | ||
| Settlements** | 42 | 5 | 14.55 | 4.40 – 48.04 | |
| Capillaria aerophilla | Villages | 137 | 4 | 0.43 | 0.15 – 1.24 |
| Towns* | 624 | 40 | 0.80 – 6.45 | ||
| Settlements** | 42 | 1 | 0.411 | 0.05 – 2.95 |
n - number of examined samples; p - number of positive samples; f. - family; 95 % CI - 95 % Confidence Interval of OR; OR - Odds Ratio;
“-”- unable to calculate due to lack of data
Table 2.
Results of parasitological examination in the soil.
| N | P | OR | 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Towns* | 50 | 6 | 0.015 – 0.11 | |
| Villages | 98 | 71 | 23.66 | 8.49 – 65.94 | |
| Toxocara spp. | Towns* | 50 | 1 | 0.003 – 0.20 | |
| Villages | 98 | 42 | 36.75 | 4.87 – 277.01 | |
| f. Ancylostomatidae | Towns* | 50 | 3 | – | |
| Villages | 98 | 0 | – | ||
| Toxascaris leonina | Towns* | 50 | 2 | 0.035 – 45.69 | |
| Villages | 98 | 1 | 0.24 | 0.02 – 2.79 | |
| Trichuris spp. | Towns* | 50 | 1 | 0.003 – 0.20 | |
| Villages | 98 | 42 | 36.75 | 4.87 – 277.01 | |
| Ascaris spp. | Towns* | 50 | 0 | – | |
| Villages | 98 | 55 | – |
Fig. 3
The spatial distribution of the endoparasites in the soil from the public places.
Fig. 4.
Comparison of correlation coefficients for each factor in East Slovak Lowland. Error bars represent SE (Standard Errors).
Table 3.
The establishment of correlation coefficients between risk factors and examined samples.
| Correlation coefficient | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Soil samples | Dog samples | ||
| Number of inhabitants | −0.764196263 | 0.962282232 | |
| Number of Roma | −0.382587722 | 0.57934496 | |
| Presence of drinking water | village | −0.773563092 | 0.276271504 |
| settlement | −0.600215911 | 0.31220805 | |
| Presence of sewage | village | −0.337528609 | 0.334179395 |
| settlement | 0.423367867 | −0.088357355 | |
| Presence of sumps | village | 0.2645727 | −0.241945122 |
| settlement | −0.248234706 | −0.180872313 | |