Fig. 1.
Flow chart of the diagnostic accuracy study.
Table 1.
Nature of infected organs in swine echinococcosis diagnosed in Côte.
| Parasite | Infected organs | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Liver (%) | Lung (%) | Kidney (%) | |
| Echinococcus granulosus | 1 | 7 | 53 |
| Echinococcus spp. | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Total | 1 (1.6) | 7 (11.1) | 55 (87.3) |
[i] Values in parentheses are percentages.
Fig. 2.
Kidney echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus
A: Hydatid cyst in kidney, swine. B: Broad capsule of hydatid cyst with typical striated and trilaminated layer and that do not contain calcification. Note a protoscolisce (arrow). HES stain. C: Protoscolice (arrow), with inside little calcareous corpuscles (arrow head). Protoscolisce is surrounded by almost no inflammatory reaction composed of few lymphocytes and macrophages (stars). There are no neutrophils.
Fig. 3.
Diagnostic accuracy for detection of swine echinococcosis between histopathological test and cytopathological test 1 (Ziehl stain with epifluorescence microscope).
Fig. 4.
Diagnostic accuracy for detection of swine echinococcosis between histopathological test and cytopathological test 2 (Ziehl Neelsen stain with transmitted light microscope).
Table 2.
Diagnostic accuracy of cytopathological test 1 (Ziehl staining with the epifluorescence microscope) and cytopathological test 2 (Ziehl Neelsen staining with the transmitted light microscope) in the detection of clinical swine echinococcosis.
| Cythopath 1 % [95% CI] | Cythopath 2 % [95% CI] | Test ratio [95% CI] | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specificity | 100 [100 – 100] | 100 [100 – 100] | 1 [1 – 1] | – |
| Sensitivity | 79.66[69.39 – 89.93] | 66.10 [54.02 – 78.18] | 1.2 [0.88 – 1.66] | 0.059 |
| PPV | 100 [100 – 100] | 100 [100 – 100] | 1 [1 – 1] | – |
| NPV | 40 [18.53 – 61.47] | 28.57 [11.84 – 45.3] | 1.4 [0.41 – 5.2] | 0.06 |
Fig. 5.
Cryptococcus neoformans hepatitis (5.A: HES Stain; 5.B: PAS stain: There are many budding yeasts (arrow); 5.C: Grocott Methenamine Silver stain).
Table 3.
Occurrence of diseases that could be misdiagnosed as swine echinococcosis in Côte d’Ivoire
| Diseases | Involved organs | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Liver | Lung | Kidney | |
| Ascaris suum infection or migration | 4 | 2 | |
| Cysticercus tenuicollis hepatitis | 1 | ||
| Fasciolosis | 1 | ||
| Cryptococcus neoformans infection | 1 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 3 | ||
| Neoplasms | 1 (Hepatocellular carcinoma) | 0 | 1 (Small clear cell carcinoma) |
| Hydronephrosis | 4 | ||
| Actinobacillus spp or Mycoplasma spp. Pneumonia or Pleuropneumonia | 11 | ||
| Inflammatory conditions of unknown aetiology | 2 | ||
| Abscess | 3 | ||
| Total | 11 | 16 | 7 |