Fig. 1
Map of northern Pakistan showing administrative details and site of the study area.
Table 1
Prevalence of Helminthes parasite species in chukar partridges.
| parasites | birds | of infected birds | ♂ | ♀ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raillietina echinobothrida | 7 | 3 | 4.3 | 8.7 | 2.1 | Small intestine |
| Raillietina tetragona | 9 | 5 | 7.1 | 13 | 4.2 | Small intestine |
| Amoebotaenia cuneate | 3 | 1 | 1.4 | 0 | 2.1 | Small intestine |
| Choanotaenia infundibulum | 1 | 1 | 1.4 | 2.1 | Small intestine | |
| Hypoderaeum conoideum | 3 | 1 | 1.4 | 0 | 2.1 | Small intestine |
| Lyperosomum longicauda | 2 | 1 | 1.4 | 2.1 | Bile duct | |
| Heterakis gallinarum | 5 | 3 | 4.3 | 8.7 | 2.1 | Intestinal caecum |
| Ascaridia galli | 13 | 7 | 10 | 8.7 | 10.6 | Small intestine |
| Capillaria phasianina | 10 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 8.5 | Small intestine |
| Total parasites | 53 | 29 | 41.3 | 52.1 | 36 |
Table 2
Helminthes parasite species reported in chukar and Alectoris species worldwide.
| Alectoris species | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| barbara | graeca | rufa | chukar | References | |
| Cestoda | |||||
| Choanotaenia infundibulum | It | Fr | Sp | Bu, Ir | Vasilev, 1992; Al-Barwari & Saeed, 2012; Tarazona et al., 1978; Masala et al., 1986; Belleau & Léonard, 1991 |
| Raillietina tetragona | It | Tu | Sp | Ir | Al-Barwari & Saeed, 2012; Masala et al., 1986; Koroglu & Tasan, 1996; Reina et al., 1992 |
| Nematodes | |||||
| Ascaridia galli | It, | US | Tibbits & Babero, 1969; Macchioni & Marconcini, 1982 | ||
| Capillaria phasianina | Gr | Githkopoulos, 1984 | |||
| Capillaria contorta | Sp | Gr | Githkopoulos, 1984; Reina et al., 1992 | ||
| Ganguleterakis altaica | Ka | Bu | Vasilev, 1992; Gvozdev, 1956 | ||
| Ganguleterakis macroura | Bu | Vasilev, 1992 | |||
| Ganguleterakis tenuicaudata | Fr | Sp | Bu | Vasilev, 1992; Tarazona et al., 1978; Belleau & Léonard, 1991 | |
| Heterakis gallinarum | Ka, Fr, Tu | Sp | Ir | Al-Barwari & Saeed, 2012; Gvozdev, 1956; Belleau & Léonard, 1991; Reina et al., 1992; Tarazona et al., 1978 | |
| Trematodes | |||||
| Dicrocoelium petroni | Bu | Vasilev, 1992 | |||
| Hypoderaeum conoideum | Bu | Vasilev, 1992 | |||
| Conoidasida | |||||
| Eimeria kofodi | Ir | Al-Barwari & Saeed, 2012 | |||
| Eimeria caucasica | Ir | Al-Barwari & Saeed, 2012 | |||