Prevalence of parasitism, for a single species or more endoparasites (CI: 95% Confidence Intervals) stratified according to group_ Consultation group represent cats presenting for consultation and postmortem group, cats for which parasites were identified at post-mortem_
| Consultation group (n=448) | Postmortem group (n=50) | Total (n=498) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive, n | 50 | 8 | 58 |
| % (CI) | 11.2 (8.2 – 14.1) | 16 (5.8 – 26.2) | 11.6 (8.8 – 14.5) |
| Of these | |||
| One parasite species, n | 48 | 4 | 52 |
| % (CI) | 96.0 (94.2 – 97.8) | 50 (36.1 – 63.9) | 89.7 (87.0 – 92.3) |
| Two parasite species or more, n | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| % (CI) | 4.0 (2.2 – 5.8) | 50 (36.1 – 63.9) | 10.3 (7.7 – 13.0) |
Prevalence of Toxocara cati stratified by various factors_
| n, cats positive for T cati | Overall population | Prevalence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEX | ||||
| Female | 17 | 256 | 6.6 | |
| Male | 30 | 242 | 12.4° | |
| REPRODUCTIVE STATUS | ||||
| Neutered | 10 | 209 | 4.8 | |
| Entire | 37 | 289 | 12.8° | |
| LIFESTYLE | ||||
| inside strictly | 18 | 251 | 7.2 | |
| access to outdoor | 28 | 235 | 11.9 | |
| LIVING ENVIRONMENT | ||||
| rural | 9 | 56 | 16.1° | |
| urban | 38 | 442 | 8.6 | |
| HOUSEHOLD | ||||
| alone | 24 | 294 | 8.2 | |
| other animals | 23 | 185 | 12.4 | |
| DIET | ||||
| hunter | 8 | 53 | 15.1 | |
| not hunting | 32 | 395 | 8.1 | |
| TIME SINCE LAST WORMER | ||||
| < 6 months | 17 | 306 | 5.6 | |
| never or > 6 months | 26 | 143 | 18.2° | |
| AGE | ||||
| < 6 months | 24 | 123 | 19.5° | |
| > 6 months | 23 | 375 | 6.2 | |
| TOTAL | 47 | 498 | 9.4 | |
Univariable analysis of factors significantly associated with positive result for overall parasitism or for Toxocara cati specifically_
| n | sig | OR | 95% CI for OR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall parasitism | |||||
| Age (years) | 496 | 0.003 | 0.87 | 0.79 | 0.95 |
| Sex (male vs. female [referent]) | 498 | 0.015 | 2.02 | 1.15 | 3.56 |
| Reproductive status (neutered vs. entire [referent]) | 498 | <0.001 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.51 |
| Anthelmintic treatment (administered in last 6 months | 449 | 0.001 | 0.38 | 0.21 | 0.69 |
| vs. never administered or >6 months ago [referent]) | |||||
| Breed (purebred vs. non-purebred [referent] | 498 | 0.175 | 0.37 | 0.09 | 1.56 |
| Location (rural vs. urban [referent]) | 497 | 0.130 | 1.78 | 0.84 | 3.76 |
| Sex and reproductive status | |||||
| > Neutered females (vs. entire females and all males | 113 | 0.021 | 0.36 | 0.15 | 0.86 |
| combined [referent]) | |||||
| > Entire males (vs. neutered males and all females | 146 | <0.001 | 3.82 | 2.18 | 6.7 |
| combined [referent]) | |||||
| > Neutered males (vs. entire males and all females | 96 | 0.017 | 0.28 | 0.1 | 0.79 |
| combined [referent]) | |||||
| Toxocara cati | |||||
| Age (years) | 47 | 0.004 | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.95 |
| Sex (male vs. female [referent]) | 47 | 0.03 | 1.99 | 1.07 | 3.71 |
| Reproductive status (neutered vs. entire [referent]) | 47 | 0.004 | 0.34 | 0.17 | 0.71 |
| Anthelmintic treatment (administered in last 6 months | 43 | <0.001 | 0.27 | 0.14 | 0.51 |
| vs. never wormed or >6 months ago [referent]) | |||||
| Breed (purebred vs. non-purebred [referent] | 47 | 0.143 | 0.22 | 0.3 | 1.66 |
| Location (rural vs. urban[referent]) | 47 | 0.078 | 2.03 | 0.93 | 4.46 |
| Sex and reproductive status | |||||
| > Entire males (vs. neutered males and all females | 26 | <0.001 | 3.42 | 1.85 | 6.3 |
| combined [referent]) | |||||
Types of endoparasites identified, by decreasing frequency and stratified by group_ Consultation group represent cats presenting for consultation and postmortem group, cats for which parasites were identified at post-mortem_
| Consultation group (n=448) | Postmortem group (n=50) | Total (n=498) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toxocara cati, n | 40 | 7 | 47 | |||
| % (CI) | 8.9 | (6.3 – 11.6) | 14 | (4.4 – 23.6) | 9.4 | (6.9 – 12.0) |
| Cystoisospora sp, n | 5 | 0 | 5 | |||
| % (CI) Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, n | 1.1 4 | (0.1 – 2.1) | 0 1 | 1.0 5 | (0.1 – 1.9) | |
| % (CI) | 0.9 | (0 – 1.8) | 2 | (0 – 5.9) | 1.0 | (0.1 – 1.9) |
| Strongyloides sp, n | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||
| % (CI) | 0.5 | (0 – 1.1) | 2 | (0 – 5.9) | 0.6 | (0 – 1.3) |
| Mesocestoides sp, n | 0 | 2 | 2 | |||
| % (CI) | 0 | 4 | (0 – 9.4) | 0.4 | (0 – 1.0) | |
| Dipylidium caninum, n | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
| % (CI) | 0.2 | (0 – 0.7) | 2 | (0 – 5.9) | 0.4 | (0 – 1.0) |
| Tænia (Hydatigera) tæniaeformis sensu lato, n | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||
| % (CI) | 0 | 2 | (0 – 5.9) | 0.2 | (0 – 0.6) | |
| Capillariidae, n % (CI) | 0 0 | 1 2 | (0 – 5.9) | 1 0.2 | (0 – 0.6) | |
| Ancylostomatidae, n | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||
| % (CI) | 0 | 2 | (0 – 5.9) | 0.2 | (0 – 0.6) | |
| Toxascaris leonina, n | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
| % (CI) | 0.2 | (0 – 0.7) | 0 | 0.2 | (0 – 0.6) | |
Prevalence of endoparasites in cats from France, chronological order (most relevant list)_
| Author | Publication | Date | Area | Population | Method | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Franc et al. | Rev med vet | 1997 | 4 National Veterinary Schools (Nantes, Paris, Toulouse, Lyon) | 98 privately owned patient cats | Flotation (OvassayTD) | 17.3 % overall prevalence 14.2 % T. cati 3 % D. caninum |
| Beugnet et al. | Rev med vet | 2000 | Paris area | 34 privately owned cats | Flotation and sedimentation (Telemann-Rivas) | 8.8 % overall prevalence 2.9 % T. cati 2.9 % Tænia (Hydatigera) tæniaeformis sensu lato 2.9 % Cystoisospora sp |
| Loge | Unpublished (veterinary doctoral theses) | 2001 | North west of France | 180 cats | ND | 14 % T. cati 5.5 % Tapeworms |
| Coati et al. | Parasitol Res | 2003 | France and Germany | 3500 cats | Modified McMaster method and flotation | 11.3 % T. cati 0.4 % Ancylostomatidae 0.3 % T. leonina 0.3 % D. caninum |
| Gibier | Unpublished (veterinary doctoral theses) | 2007 | Toulouse area | 202 privately owned patient cats | Flotation (Ovassay TD) | 11.4 % Overall prevalence 9.4 % T. cati 1.5 % Cystoisospora sp 0.5 % A. abstrusus |
| Beugnet et al. | Parasites and vectors | 2014 | Several European countries including 2 French veterinary faculties (Nantes and Maison-Alfort) | 1519 domestic cats but 187 from France | Flotation and Baermann method | 35.1 % overall prevalence 19.7 % T. cati (9.1 % in French cats) 1.4 % Ancylostomatidae 0.3 % T. leonina 3.0 % D. caninum 4.1 % A. abstrusus 1.1 % Capillariidae 9.7 % Cystoisospora sp |
| Gianelli et al. | International Journal of Parasitology | 2017 | 12 European countries | 1990 domestic cats but 92 from France | McMaster and Baermann method | 30.8 % overall prevalence 16.5 % ascarids 10.6 % lungworms 6.5 % coccidian 4.5 % hookworms |
Endoparasite prevalence of consultation group (cats presenting for consultation) and postmortem group stratified by various factors_
| Consultation group | Postmortem group | TOTAL | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total headcount | Positive | Prevalence | Total headcount | Positive | Prevalence | Total headcount | Positive | Prevalence | |
| TOTAL | 448 | 50 | 11.2 | 50 | 8 | 16.0 | 498 | 58 | 11.6 |
| SEX | |||||||||
| Female | 233 | 18 | 7.7 | 23 | 3 | 13.0 | 256 | 21 | 8.2 |
| > Entire | 140 | 14 | 10.0 | 3 | 1 | 33.3 | 143 | 15 | 10.5 |
| > Neutered | 93 | 4 | 4.3 | 20 | 2 | 10.0 | 113 | 6 | 5.3 |
| Male | 215 | 32 | 14.9 | 27 | 5 | 18.5 | 242 | 37 | 15.3° |
| > Entire | 136 | 31 | 22.8 | 10 | 2 | 20.0 | 146 | 33 | 22.6 |
| > Neutered | 79 | 1 | 1.3 | 17 | 3 | 17.6 | 80 | 4 | 5.0 |
| REPRODUCTIVE STATUS | |||||||||
| Neutered | 172 | 5 | 2.9 | 37 | 5 | 13.5 | 209 | 10 | 4.8 |
| Entire | 276 | 45 | 16.3 | 13 | 3 | 23.1 | 289 | 48 | 16.6° |
| LIFESTYLE | |||||||||
| inside strictly | 235 | 20 | 8.5 | 16 | 3 | 18.8 | 251 | 23 | 9.2 |
| access to outdoor | 212 | 30 | 14.2 | 23 | 4 | 17.4 | 235 | 34 | 14.5 |
| LIVING ENVIRONMENT | |||||||||
| rural | 47 | 8 | 17.0 | 9 | 2 | 22.2 | 56 | 10 | 17.9 |
| urban | 401 | 42 | 10.5 | 41 | 6 | 14.6 | 442 | 48 | 10.9 |
| HOUSEHOLD | |||||||||
| alone | 273 | 27 | 9.9 | 21 | 3 | 14.3 | 294 | 30 | 10.2 |
| other animals | 171 | 23 | 13.5 | 14 | 5 | 35.7 | 185 | 28 | 15.1 |
| DIET | |||||||||
| hunter | 53 | 8 | 15.1° | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| not hunting | 395 | 42 | 10.6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| TIME SINCE LAST WORMER | |||||||||
| <6 months | 290 | 21 | 7.2 | 16 | 4 | 25.0 | 306 | 25 | 8.2 |
| never or >6months | 129 | 27 | 20.9 | 14 | 0 | 0.0 | 143 | 27 | 18.9° |
| AGE | |||||||||
| < 6 months | 124 | 29 | 23.4 | 1 | 1 | 100.0 | 125 | 30 | 24.0 |
| > 6 months | 324 | 21 | 6.5 | 47 | 7 | 14.9 | 371 | 28 | 7.5° |