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Litter additions reduce the side effects of biocides on soil nematode communities in Illicium verum forest Cover

Litter additions reduce the side effects of biocides on soil nematode communities in Illicium verum forest

Helminthologia
Volume 59 (2022): Issue 3 (September 2022)
By: ,   and    
Open Access
|Dec 2022
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Fig.1

Changes of nematode abundance in different treatments (n=3, means + 1SE). Results of Three way-ANOVAs with significant effects of factors (litter, insecticide and fungicide) and their interactions are shown: L, litter addition; I, insecticide treatment; F, fungicide treatment; L×I, interaction between litter addition and insecticide; L×F, interaction between litter addition and fungicide; I×F, interaction between insecticide and fungicide; L×I×F, interaction between litter addition, insecticide and fungicide.*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01, ns, non-significant. Different letters (a,b etc.) show significant differences among different treatments with and without litter addition, respectively, as determined by Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, P<0.05.

Table 1

Nematode taxonomic diversity indices and channel ratio in different treatments (means ± SE).

TreatmentsλH'GRNCR
Non-Litter0.15 ± 0.032.23 ± 0.153.36 ± 0.220.68 ± 0.08
ControlLitter0.18 ± 0.012.15 ± 0.063.34 ± 0.070.47 ± 0.10
Non-Litter0.40 ± 0.171.29 ± 0.351.83 ± 0.350.30 ± 0.13
Insecticide (I)Litter0.20 ± 0.022.00 ± 0.122.84 ± 0.330.57 ± 0.04
Fungicide(F)Non-Litter0.14 ± 0.022.24 ± 0.102.91 ± 0.400.56 ± 0.16
Litter0.11 ± 0.012.42 ± 0.063.67 ± 0.230.39 ± 0.05
Non-Litter0.55 ± 0.220.95 ± 0.471.14 ± 0.570.28 ± 0.17
I×FLitter0.13 ± 0.012.38 ± 0.103.67 ± 0.170.55 ± 0.12
Litter (L)nsns**ns
Insecticide (I)******ns
Fungicide (F)nsnsnsns
L×I******
L×Fnsns*ns
I×Fnsnsnsns
L×I×Fnsnsnsns

[i] λ, dominance index; H’, diversity index; GR, Generic richness; NCR, nematode channel ratio. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01, ns, non-significant.

Fig.2

Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the soil nematode communities and soil abiotic variables. Species fit range more than 40% were presented. N, non-litter-added plots; L, litter-added plots. CK, control; I, insecticide application; F, fungicide application; I×F, interaction between insecticide and fungicide.

Fig.3

Changes in the structure and enrichment conditions of soil food web in different treatments (means ± 1SE). N, non-litter-added plots; L, litter-added plots. CK, control; I, insecticide application; F, fungicide application; I×F, interaction between insecticide and fungicide.

Supplementary Table 1

Selected properties of soil abiotic factors, microbial carbon and microbial nitrogen in different treatments (means ± SE).

TreatmentSOC (g/kg)TN (g/kg)MBC (mg/kg)MBN (mg/kg)
Non-LitterLitterNon-LitterLitterNon-LitterLitterNon-LitterLitter
CK13.8 ±0.1017.24 ±0.261.54 ±0.051.64 ±0.04132.69 ±7.88150.10 ±8.8120.77 ± 0.2840.15 ±14.56
Insecticide13.03 ±0.1915.65 ±0.701.37 ±0.061.45 ±0.10106.96 ±8.94116.69 ±18.8323.68 ± 9.3126.80 ± 7.31
Fungicide12.3 ±0.1614.21 ±0.411.29 ±0.061.35 ±0.0980.09 ± 17.83115.23 ±27.8317.27 ±4.3824.77 ± 7.38
IxF13.18 ±0.3415.25 ±0.171.33 ±0.071.37 ±0.0183.02 ± 15.46112.91 ±31.8224.40 ± 4.0331.46 ±10.03
Litter***ns***
Insecticidensnsnsns
Fungicide****nsns
Lx|nsnsnsns
LxFnsnsnsns
IxF***nsns
Lx|xFnsns*ns

[i] *P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01, ns, non-significant.

Supplementary Table 2

Nematode genera identified in this study and their relative abundance (%) in the different treatments.

ControlInsecticideFungicideI×FControlInsecticideFungicideI×F
Bacterivores
Prismatolaimus1.53.71.10.74.32.45.511.3
Alaimus0.51.60.00.72.22.01.00.7
Paramphidelus1.00.50.01.30.00.41.41.2
Plectus0.00.00.00.01.51.30.41.5
Drilocephalobus3.02.10.00.00.40.04.21.5
Rhabditidae0.51.01.30.83.32.10.31.5
Acrobeloides3.02.11.30.87.713.69.913.4
Eucephalobus11.69.74.915.34.06.11.02.7
Monhystera0.00.00.00.00.00.02.00.0
Heterocephalobus6.04.07.33.00.00.00.00.0
Panagrellus0.00.00.00.01.40.90.45.0
Fungivores
Tylencholaimus1.13.70.00.01.41.39.87.6
Aphelenchoides8.69.259.565.820.011.718.916.4
Ditylenchus0.00.00.00.09.03.48.24.8
Aphelenchus2.86.00.00.80.00.00.00.0
Filenchus3.53.70.00.02.53.83.07.2
Herbivores
Helicotylenchus12.313.58.73.429.836.217.612.8
Rotylenchus26.028.19.95.46.88.12.31.0
Dolichodoridae0.00.00.00.01.50.80.01.2
Paratylenchus0.60.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Macroposthonia0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.2
Basiria6.14.60.02.20.00.00.00.0
Malenchus0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Rotylenchulus2.50.02.40.00.00.00.00.0
Pratylenchus0.00.00.00.00.40.40.93.6
Lelenchus1.10.00.00.00.00.00.40.0
Dorylaimellus0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.5
Omnivore-predators
Thonus0.00.02.40.00.40.40.01.5
Dorydorella1.01.00.00.00.00.40.00.0
Aporcelaimidae0.61.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Eudorylaimus1.50.00.00.00.41.32.30.0
Mesodorylaimus5.40.01.10.01.11.76.30.5
Microdorylaimus0.04.60.00.02.11.73.01.0
Mylonchulus0.00.00.00.00.00.00.40.0
Tripyla0.00.00.00.00.00.00.90.0
Seinura0.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.7

[i] I×F, insecticide × fungicide interaction treatment

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0031 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605
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Language: English
Page range: 301 - 310
Submitted on: May 10, 2022
Accepted on: Sep 6, 2022
Published on: Dec 17, 2022
Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open
Keywords:
Soil nematodes,
soil food web,
insecticide,
fungicide,
litter
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Zoology,
Ecology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Clinical medicine,
Microbiology, virology and infection epidemiology

© 2022 Y. Lü, W. F. Xue, P. P. Yan, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 59 (2022): Issue 3 (September 2022)
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