Fig.1
Phylogenetic relation of T. saginata from the present study and other taeniids. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using maximum likelihood method (Kimura’s 2-parameter model) based on partial COX1 sequences. Sequences reported in the present study are shown as IQTS-H1– IQTS-H5 with accession numbers (OK036447– OK036451), respectively.
Supplementary Table 1
T. saginata and other taeniids COX1 nucleotide sequences from GenBank were utilized for genetic diversity and phylogeny.
| Taeniid parasites | GenBank accession no. | Origin | Host | Author (reference) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T. saginata | AY684274 | Korea | Human | Jeon et al., 2007 |
| T. saginata | AB533173 | Thailand | Human | Okamoto, 2016 unpublished |
| T. saginata | AB465242 | Thailand | Human | Okamoto et al., 2010 |
| T. saginata | JQ756969–JQ756979 | Iran | Cattle | Rostami et al., 2015 |
| T. asiatica | AB597287 | Japan | Human | Yamasaki et al., 2021 |
| T. solium | AB066491 | Ecuador | Pig | Nakao et al., 2002 |
| T. multiceps | JX535576 | China | Sheep | Li et al., 2013 |
| T. hydatigena | MT784895 | China | Dog | Ohiolei et al., 2021 |
| Echinococcus granulosus | MW214711 | Iran | Sheep | Babaei et al., 2021 |
Supplementary Table 2
Depending on mitochondrial COX1 sequences and accession numbers, the distribution pattern related to T. saginata haplotypes in Iraqi cattle.
| Taenia saginata haplotypes | No. of samples (n) | GenBank accession no. |
|---|---|---|
| IQTS-H1 | 17 | OK036447 |
| IQTS-H2 | 8 | OK036448 |
| IQTS-H3 | 6 | OK036449 |
| IQTS-H4 | 4 | OK036450 |
| IQTS-H5 | 2 | OK036451 |
Table 1
Pairwise evolutionary divergence in COX1 gene sequences between T. saginata and other taeniids.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | ||
| 1 | IQTS-H1:OK036447 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | IQTS-H2:OK036448 | 0.005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | IQTS-H3:OK036449 | 0.005 | 0.011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | IQTS-H4:OK036450 | 0.005 | 0.011 | 0.010 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | IQTS-H5:OK036451 | 0.008 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.013 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | T.saginata:JQ756969(Iran) | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.008 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | T.saginata:JQ756970(Iran) | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.003 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | T.saginata:JQ756971(Iran) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.005 | |||||||||||||||||
| 9 | T.saginata:JQ756972(Iran) | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.010 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.005 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10 | T.saginata:JQ756973(Iran) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | |||||||||||||||
| 11 | T.saginata:JQ756974(Iran) | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | ||||||||||||||
| 12 | T.saginata:JQ756975(Iran) | 0.011 | 0.016 | 0.005 | 0.016 | 0.018 | 0.011 | 0.008 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.013 | |||||||||||||
| 13 | T.saginata:JQ756976(Iran) | 0.005 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.016 | ||||||||||||
| 14 | T.saginata:JQ756977(Iran) | 0.008 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.016 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.018 | 0.013 | |||||||||||
| 15 | T.saginata:JQ756978(Iran) | 0.013 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.010 | 0.013 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.024 | 0.018 | 0.018 | ||||||||||
| 16 | T.saginata:JQ756979(Iran) | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.016 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.018 | |||||||||
| 17 | T.saginata:AB465242(Thailand) | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.013 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.016 | 0.008 | ||||||||
| 18 | T.saginata:AB533173(Thailand) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.013 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.005 | |||||||
| 19 | T.asiatica:AB597287(Japan) | 0.027 | 0.027 | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.035 | 0.027 | 0.029 | 0.024 | 0.029 | 0.029 | 0.029 | 0.038 | 0.032 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.027 | 0.029 | 0.024 | ||||||
| 20 | T.saginata:AY684274(Korea) | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.013 | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.027 | |||||
| 21 | T.solium:AB066491(Ecuador) | 0.125 | 0.119 | 0.132 | 0.132 | 0.128 | 0.125 | 0.129 | 0.122 | 0.128 | 0.122 | 0.129 | 0.138 | 0.129 | 0.135 | 0.138 | 0.119 | 0.129 | 0.122 | 0.138 | 0.125 | ||||
| 22 | T.multiceps:JX535576(China) | 0.058 | 0.058 | 0.063 | 0.063 | 0.066 | 0.058 | 0.061 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.061 | 0.061 | 0.069 | 0.063 | 0.066 | 0.072 | 0.058 | 0.061 | 0.055 | 0.075 | 0.058 | 0.107 | |||
| 23 | T.hydatigena:MT784895(China) | 0.124 | 0.127 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.134 | 0.124 | 0.127 | 0.127 | 0.127 | 0.124 | 0.127 | 0.137 | 0.124 | 0.134 | 0.137 | 0.131 | 0.127 | 0.127 | 0.143 | 0.124 | 0.146 | 0.134 | ||
| 24 | E.granulosus:MW214711(Iran) | 0.216 | 0.212 | 0.223 | 0.219 | 0.219 | 0.216 | 0.219 | 0.212 | 0.219 | 0.216 | 0.216 | 0.230 | 0.219 | 0.219 | 0.230 | 0.209 | 0.212 | 0.212 | 0.234 | 0.216 | 0.212 | 0.237 | 0.189 |
Table 2
The five haplotypes of T. saginata COX1 sequences from Iraqi cattle were put to comparison with reference COX1 sequence from Korea (accession number AY684274) for the substitutions of the nucleotide and corresponding amino acid variations.
| Haplotypes of the current study | Position of nucleic acid substitution | Amino acid substitution |
|---|---|---|
| IQTS-H1 | –* | –* |
| IQTS-H2 | 197 (A→G) | Glu→Gly |
| 332 (C→T) | Ala→Val | |
| IQTS-H3 | 70 (T→A) | Leu→Met |
| 356 (T→C) | Ile→Thr | |
| IQTS-H4 | 10 (G→C) | Ala→Leu |
| 371 (T→C) | Leu→Ser | |
| IQTS-H5 | 39 (C→T) | Val→Val |
| 146 (G→A) | Arg→Lys | |
| 195 (G→C) | Gln→His |