Fig.1
The five haplotypes of T_ saginata COX1 sequences from Iraqi cattle were put to comparison with reference COX1 sequence from Korea (accession number AY684274) for the substitutions of the nucleotide and corresponding amino acid variations_
| Haplotypes of the current study | Position of nucleic acid substitution | Amino acid substitution |
|---|---|---|
| IQTS-H1 | –* | –* |
| IQTS-H2 | 197 (A→G) | Glu→Gly |
| 332 (C→T) | Ala→Val | |
| IQTS-H3 | 70 (T→A) | Leu→Met |
| 356 (T→C) | Ile→Thr | |
| IQTS-H4 | 10 (G→C) | Ala→Leu |
| 371 (T→C) | Leu→Ser | |
| IQTS-H5 | 39 (C→T) | Val→Val |
| 146 (G→A) | Arg→Lys | |
| 195 (G→C) | Gln→His |
T_ saginata and other taeniids COX1 nucleotide sequences from GenBank were utilized for genetic diversity and phylogeny_
| Taeniid parasites | GenBank accession no. | Origin | Host | Author (reference) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T. saginata | AY684274 | Korea | Human | Jeon et al., 2007 |
| T. saginata | AB533173 | Thailand | Human | Okamoto, 2016 unpublished |
| T. saginata | AB465242 | Thailand | Human | Okamoto et al., 2010 |
| T. saginata | JQ756969–JQ756979 | Iran | Cattle | Rostami et al., 2015 |
| T. asiatica | AB597287 | Japan | Human | Yamasaki et al., 2021 |
| T. solium | AB066491 | Ecuador | Pig | Nakao et al., 2002 |
| T. multiceps | JX535576 | China | Sheep | Li et al., 2013 |
| T. hydatigena | MT784895 | China | Dog | Ohiolei et al., 2021 |
| Echinococcus granulosus | MW214711 | Iran | Sheep | Babaei et al., 2021 |
Pairwise evolutionary divergence in COX1 gene sequences between T_ saginata and other taeniids_
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | ||
| 1 | IQTS-H1:OK036447 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | IQTS-H2:OK036448 | 0.005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | IQTS-H3:OK036449 | 0.005 | 0.011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | IQTS-H4:OK036450 | 0.005 | 0.011 | 0.010 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | IQTS-H5:OK036451 | 0.008 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.013 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | T.saginata:JQ756969(Iran) | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.008 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | T.saginata:JQ756970(Iran) | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.003 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | T.saginata:JQ756971(Iran) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.005 | |||||||||||||||||
| 9 | T.saginata:JQ756972(Iran) | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.010 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.005 | ||||||||||||||||
| 10 | T.saginata:JQ756973(Iran) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | |||||||||||||||
| 11 | T.saginata:JQ756974(Iran) | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | ||||||||||||||
| 12 | T.saginata:JQ756975(Iran) | 0.011 | 0.016 | 0.005 | 0.016 | 0.018 | 0.011 | 0.008 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.013 | |||||||||||||
| 13 | T.saginata:JQ756976(Iran) | 0.005 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.016 | ||||||||||||
| 14 | T.saginata:JQ756977(Iran) | 0.008 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.016 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.018 | 0.013 | |||||||||||
| 15 | T.saginata:JQ756978(Iran) | 0.013 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.010 | 0.013 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.024 | 0.018 | 0.018 | ||||||||||
| 16 | T.saginata:JQ756979(Iran) | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.016 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.018 | |||||||||
| 17 | T.saginata:AB465242(Thailand) | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.013 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.016 | 0.008 | ||||||||
| 18 | T.saginata:AB533173(Thailand) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.013 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.005 | |||||||
| 19 | T.asiatica:AB597287(Japan) | 0.027 | 0.027 | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.035 | 0.027 | 0.029 | 0.024 | 0.029 | 0.029 | 0.029 | 0.038 | 0.032 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.027 | 0.029 | 0.024 | ||||||
| 20 | T.saginata:AY684274(Korea) | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.013 | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.027 | |||||
| 21 | T.solium:AB066491(Ecuador) | 0.125 | 0.119 | 0.132 | 0.132 | 0.128 | 0.125 | 0.129 | 0.122 | 0.128 | 0.122 | 0.129 | 0.138 | 0.129 | 0.135 | 0.138 | 0.119 | 0.129 | 0.122 | 0.138 | 0.125 | ||||
| 22 | T.multiceps:JX535576(China) | 0.058 | 0.058 | 0.063 | 0.063 | 0.066 | 0.058 | 0.061 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.061 | 0.061 | 0.069 | 0.063 | 0.066 | 0.072 | 0.058 | 0.061 | 0.055 | 0.075 | 0.058 | 0.107 | |||
| 23 | T.hydatigena:MT784895(China) | 0.124 | 0.127 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.134 | 0.124 | 0.127 | 0.127 | 0.127 | 0.124 | 0.127 | 0.137 | 0.124 | 0.134 | 0.137 | 0.131 | 0.127 | 0.127 | 0.143 | 0.124 | 0.146 | 0.134 | ||
| 24 | E.granulosus:MW214711(Iran) | 0.216 | 0.212 | 0.223 | 0.219 | 0.219 | 0.216 | 0.219 | 0.212 | 0.219 | 0.216 | 0.216 | 0.230 | 0.219 | 0.219 | 0.230 | 0.209 | 0.212 | 0.212 | 0.234 | 0.216 | 0.212 | 0.237 | 0.189 |
Depending on mitochondrial COX1 sequences and accession numbers, the distribution pattern related to T_ saginata haplotypes in Iraqi cattle_
| Taenia saginata haplotypes | No. of samples (n) | GenBank accession no. |
|---|---|---|
| IQTS-H1 | 17 | OK036447 |
| IQTS-H2 | 8 | OK036448 |
| IQTS-H3 | 6 | OK036449 |
| IQTS-H4 | 4 | OK036450 |
| IQTS-H5 | 2 | OK036451 |