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The prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in goats from smallholder farms in Northern Thailand Cover

The prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in goats from smallholder farms in Northern Thailand

Helminthologia
Volume 59 (2022): Issue 1 (March 2022)
By: ,   and    
Open Access
|May 2022
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Five districts which were investigated for parasitic infections in small ruminants.

Table 1

Descriptive statistics (number and percentage of positive samples and mean, SD, Min, and Max) of fecal egg/oocyte counts in goats of 31 Smallholder Farms in Thailand.

VariablesExaminedPositive [n (%)]MeanSDMin – Max
Gastrointestinal strongyles885680 (76.8%)799.01348.60 – 13333
Trichuris spp.8854 (0.5%)0.23.40.58
Nematodirus spp.8858 (0.9%)0.67.10 – 104
Dicrocoelium dendriticum8851 (0.1%)1.51.50 – 1368
Eimeria spp.885445 (50.3%)427.6118.10 – 96285
Moniezia spp.885132 (14.2%)69.520.00 – 15786
Others (Strongyloides spp.)8856 (0.7%)0.60.30 – 246
Table 2

Third-stage strongylid larvae identified in coprocultures of goats (expressed as mean percentage).

Larval genusTotal (%)
Haemonchus contortus55.84
Strongyloides papillosus20.53
Teladorsagia5.80
Bunostomum trigoncephalum5.00
Charbertia ovina4.18
Nematodirus spp.3.46
Trichostrongylus spp.3.07
Cooperia oncophora0.92
Cooperia curticei0.85
Fig. 2

Distribution of the number of different helminth species found in male and female goats in Northern Thailand.

Table 3

Prevalence of helminth infections (percentage of infected goats) in male and female goats in Northern Thailand.

Total+%Total+%
Strongyles292482.885665676.60.5910.442
Trichuris spp.290085640.50.1360.712
Nematodirus spp.290085680.90.2740.601
Dicrocoelium dendriticum290085610.10.0340.854
Eimeria spp.291551.785643050.20.0250.875
Moniezia spp.29310.385612915.10.4940.482
Others (Strongyloides spp.)290085660.70.2050.651

[i] Total: total number of examined animals; +: number of infected animals.

Table 4

Contingency table and odds ratio results for association of explanatory variables with parasites positive for fecal eggs of goats, by parasites.

VariablesInfected/ ExaminedPrevalence (%)95% CIOdds RatioP value
Stronglyes (%)
Sex0.402
Female656/85676.674.8 – 88.21.0
Male24/2982.846.7 – 91.30.654
Body Condition Score0.163
Good23/3076.743.2 – 87.61.0
Moderate613/80576.173.5 – 90.30.426
Poor44/5088.076.3 – 99.70.430
Moniezia spp.(%)
Sex0.511
Female129/85615.110.4 – 21.81.0
Male3/292.31.3 – 24.90.650
Body Condition Score0.828
Good4/3013.311.1 – 26.51.0
Moderate119/80514.86.3 – 20.60.735
Poor9/5018.08.1 – 27.90.799
Eimeria spp. (%)
Sex0.895
Female430/85650.250.2 – 66.21.0
Male15/2951.714.2 – 66.80.895
Body Condition Score0.009
good15/3050.0b13.2 – 65.71.0
Moderate394/80548.9b42.4 – 62.30.383
Thin36/5072.0a58.2 – 85.80.372

[i] Values with different letters within a column in each variable differ significantly (P ˂ 0.05)

Table 5

Results from a predictive logistic regression model for parasitic infection in goats from Northern Thailand.

VariableLevelβSEWaldORP-Value95% CI
SexMale1--
Female-0.160.5020.1020.8520.7500.319 – 2.278
Body Condition ScoreGood1--
Moderate-0.8530.7181.4120.4260.2350.104 – 1.740
Thin-1.0610.5294.0230.3460.0450.123 – 0.976

[i] β: regression coefficient; SE: standard error; OR: odds ratio; CI: 95% confidence interval; *: denotes significance (P < 0.05).

Table 6

Results of the fecal egg (expressed as eggs per gram, EPG) and oocyst (expressed as oocysts per gram, OPG) counts differentiated for the prevalence of gastrointestinal strongylid nematodes (GIN) (classified as negative, low, moderate and high), separated by sex and species ( expressed as % within sex or body condition score).

MaleFemalePoorModerateGood
Gastrointestinal strongylidnematodes(GIN)
Mean FECc455.5 ± 132.8b810.7 ± 46.6a1603.3 ± 287.2A751.3 ± 45.4B738.5 ± 202.78B802.1 ± 45.4
Negative17.222.812.023.223.322.6
Low (< 500 EPG)51.738.338.038.840.038.8
Moderate (500 – 1000 EPG)17.213.66.014.016.713.7
High (> 1000 EPG)13.825.444.024.020.025.0
Eimeria spp.
Mean FOCc591.1 ± 245.1422.0 ± 121.8172.8 ± 118.1412.8 ± 124.91248.9 ± 945.8427.6 ± 118.1
Negative48.349.528.050.850.049.5
Low (< 1800 OPG)37.947.072.045.243.346.7
Moderate (1800 – 6000 OPG)13.82.703.23.33.1
High (> 6000 OPG)00.800.73.30.8

[i] Mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)

A,Bdifferent uppercase superscripts indicate statistical difference of FEC or FOC between body condition score at P < 0.05.

a,bdifferent uppercase superscripts indicate statistical difference of FEC or FOC between sex at P < 0.05.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0007 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605
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Language: English
Page range: 64 - 73
Submitted on: Feb 8, 2021
Accepted on: Jan 28, 2022
Published on: May 4, 2022
Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open
Keywords:
gastrointestinal parasites,
prevalence,
smallholders,
goats
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Zoology,
Ecology,
Life sciences, other,
Medicine,
Clinical medicine,
Microbiology, virology and infection epidemiology

© 2022 K. Wuthijaree, P. Tatsapong, C. Lambertz, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 59 (2022): Issue 1 (March 2022)
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