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Infection rates of adult parasites of H_ diminuta and H_ nana in commensal rodents when found alone and in concurrence to each other_
| Rodents species | Endoparasites Found | Number of host infected | Percent host infected | Number of parasites found | Mean intensity | Mean abundance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. diminuta | 106 | 52.73 | 238 | 2.24 | 1.18 | |
| Rattus rattus | H. nana | 128 | 63.70 | 575 | 4.49 | 2.86 |
| (n=201) | Concurrent infection | 102 | 50.74 | 613 | 6.01 | 3.04 |
| H. diminuta | 50 | 55.55 | 112 | 2.24 | 1.24 | |
| bengalensis Bandicota | H. nana | 61 | 67.78 | 285 | 4.67 | 3.16 |
| (n=90) | Concurrent infection | 46 | 51.11 | 265 | 5.76 | 2.94 |
| (n=291) | Overall | 197 | 67.70 | 1210 | 6.14 | 4.15 |
j_helm-2021-0027_tab_004
| Cestode species | Egg dimensions (Mean±SD) | Standard size of | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length (μm) | Breadth (μm) | Average | eggs (μm) | ||
| (Range) | (Range) | Length (μm) | Breadth (μm) | (Wharyet al., 2015) | |
| H. diminuta | 72.75 – 80.25 | 64.75 – 70.50 | 76.50±3.01 | 67.62±2.42 | 70 – 85 x 60 – 80 |
| H. nana | 45.75 – 50.00 | 32.00 – 40.25 | 47.87±1.95 | 36.12±3.05 | 40 – 60 x 30 – 50 |
Comparative study of H_ diminuta in two commensal rodents from different locations of Ludhiana with relation to season, age and sex of the host_
| Epidemiological factors | Host examined | Infected | Un-infected | Percentage of hosts | Parasite number | x2 value | P value (d.f.) | Odd ratio | Relative risk | 95% Confidence interval | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infected | Lower limit | Upper limit | ||||||||||
| Seasons | Winter | 96 | 46 | 50 | 47.91 | 102 | 2.42 | 0.29 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.74 | 1.35 |
| Summer | 97 | 58 | 39 | 59.79 | 130 | (2) | 1.48 | 1.26 | 0.96 | 1.65 | ||
| Monsoon | 98 | 52 | 46 | 53.06 | 118 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 0.85 | 1.50 | |||
| Location | Residences/shops | 111 | 67 | 44 | 60.36 | 160 | 3.46 | 0.17 | 1.52 | 1.15 | 0.90 | 1.47 |
| Poultry farms | 120 | 58 | 62 | 48.33 | 119 | (2) | 0.93 | 1.00 | 0.76 | 1.29 | ||
| Fish market | 60 | 31 | 29 | 51.67 | 71 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 0.78 | 1.45 | |||
| Species | R. rattus | 201 | 106 | 95 | 52.74 | 238 | 0.68 | 0.40 | 1.11 | 1.00 | 0.83 | 1.20 |
| B. bengalensis | 90 | 50 | 40 | 55.55 | 112 | (1) | 1.25 | 1.05 | 0.84 | 1.32 | ||
| Sex | Male | 126 | 69 | 57 | 54.76 | 144 | 0.016 | 0.89 | 1.21 | 1.03 | 0.83 | 1.29 |
| Female | 165 | 87 | 78 | 52.72 | 206 | (1) | 1.11 | 1.00 | 0.81 | 1.23 | ||
| Age | Mature | 238 | 145 | 93 | 60.92 | 326 | 28.12 | <0.0001* | 1.56 | 2.82 | 1.65 | 4.83 |
| Young | 53 | 11 | 42 | 20.75 | 24 | (1) | 0.26 | 1.00 | 0.47 | 2.10 | ||
| Overall | 291 | 156 | 135 | 53.60 | 350 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |
Comparative study of H_ nana in two commensal rodents from different locations of Ludhiana with relation to season, age and sex of the host_
| Epidemiological factors | Host examined | Infected | Un-infected | Percentage of hosts | Parasite number | x2 value | P value (d.f.) | Odd ratio | Relative risk | 95% Confidence interval | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infected | Lower limit | Upper limit | ||||||||||
| Seasons | Winter | 96 | 56 | 40 | 58.33 | 265 | 0.61 | 0.73 (2) | 1.40 | 1.00 | 0.78 | 1.27 |
| Summer | 97 | 70 | 27 | 72.16 | 306 | 2.59 | 1.25 | 1.00 | 1.55 | |||
| Monsoon | 98 | 63 | 35 | 64.28 | 289 | 1.80 | 1.12 | 0.89 | 1.41 | |||
| Location | Residences/shops | 111 | 81 | 30 | 72.97 | 368 | 0.28 | 0.86 (2) | 2.70 | 1.15 | 0.95 | 1.40 |
| Poultry farms | 120 | 70 | 50 | 58.33 | 314 | 1.40 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 1.23 | |||
| Fish market | 60 | 38 | 22 | 63.33 | 178 | 1.72 | 1.08 | 0.85 | 1.38 | |||
| Species | R. rattus | 201 | 128 | 73 | 63.68 | 575 | 0.14 | 0.69 (1) | 1.75 | 1.00 | 0.86 | 1.15 |
| B. bengalensis | 90 | 61 | 29 | 67.78 | 285 | 2.10 | 1.06 | 0.89 | 1.26 | |||
| Sex | Male | 126 | 82 | 44 | 65.07 | 370 | 0.08 | 0.77 (1) | 1.86 | 1.01 | 0.84 | 1.19 |
| Female | 165 | 107 | 58 | 64.84 | 490 | 1.84 | 1.00 | 0.84 | 1.17 | |||
| Age | Mature | 238 | 163 | 75 | 68.49 | 792 | 7.18 | 0.007* | 2.17 | 1.34 | 1.00 | 1.79 |
| Young | 53 | 26 | 27 | 49.06 | 68 | (1) | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 1.47 | ||
| Overall | 291 | 189 | 102 | 64.94 | 860 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |