Clinical case of life-threatening co-infection due to Dirofilaria immitis and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in a cat: First report of feline heartworm disease in Bulgaria
By: A. S. Tonev, Z. Kirkova, P. T. Iliev, A. Roussenov, T. Chaprazov, R. Roydev and N. Pirovski
References
- Atkins, C.E., Atwell, R.B., Dillon, A.R., Genchi, C., Hayasaky, M., Holmes, R.A., Knight, D.H., Lukoff, D.K., McCall, J.W., Slocombe, J.O. (1995): Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in cats. In: Soll, M.D., Knight, D.H. (Eds) Proceedings of the heartworm symposium ’95. American Heartworm Society, Batavia, IL, pp. 309–312
- Atkins, C.E., DeFrancesco, T.C., Coats, J.R., Sidley, J.A., Keene, B.W. (2000): Heartworm infection in cats: 50 cases (1985–1997). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 217(3): 355–358. DOI: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.355
- Diakou, A., Soubasis, N., Chochlios, T., Oikonomidis, I. L., Tselekis, D., Koutinas, C., Karaiosif, R., Psaralexi, E., Tsouloufi, T. K., Brellou, G., Kritsepi-Konstantinou, M., Rallis, T. (2018): Canine and feline dirofilariosis in a highly enzootic area: first report of feline dirofilariosis in Greece. Parasitol. Res., 118(2): 677–682. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6135-9
- Dillon, R., Warner, A.E., Molina, R.M. (1995): Pulmonary parenchymal changes in dogs and cats after experimental transplantation of dead Dirofilaria immitis. In: Soll, M. D., Knight, D. H. (Eds) Proceedings of the heartworm symposium ’95. American Heart-worm Society, Batavia, IL, pp. 97–101
- Dillon, A.R., Brawner Jr, A.R., Robertson-Plouch, C.K., Guerrero, J. (2000): Feline heartworm disease: correlations of clinical signs, serology, and other diagnostic results of a multicentre study. Vet. Ther., 1(3): 176–182.
- Dillon, A.R., Warner, A.E., Brawner, W., Hudson, J., Tillson, M. (2008): Activity of pulmonary intravascular macrophages in cats and dogs with and without Dirofilaria immitis Vet. Parasitol., 158: 171–176. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.004
- Garrity, S., Lee-Fowler, T., Reinero, C. (2019): Feline asthma and heartworm disease: Clinical features, diagnostics and therapeutics. J. Feline Med. Surg., 21(9): 825–834. DOI: 10.1177/1098612X18823348
- Genchi, M., Ferrari, N., Fonti, P., De Francesco, I., Piazza, C., Viglietti, A. (2014): Relation between Aelurostrongylus abstrusus larvae excretion, respiratory and radiographic signs in naturally infected cats. Vet. Parasitol., 206(3-4): 182–187. DOI: 10.1016/j. vetpar.2014.10.030
- Giannelli, A., Capelli, G., Joachim, A., Hinney, B., Losson, B., Kirkova, Z., Rene-Martellet, M., Papadopoulos, E., Farkas, R., Napoli, E., Brianti, E., Tamponi, C., Varcasia, A., Alho, A. M., Carvalho, L. M., Cardoso, L., Maia, C., Mircean, V., Mihalca, A.D., Miro, G., Schnyder, M., Cantacessi, C., Colella, V., Cavalera, M., Latrofa, M.S., Annoscia, G., Knaus, M., Halos, L., Beugnet, F., Otranto, D. (2017): Lungworms and gastrointestinal parasites of domestic cats: a European perspective. Int. J. Parasitol., 47(9): 517–528. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.02.003
- Hnilica, K., Patterson, A. (2017): Small Animal Dermatology. 4th Edition, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, Elsevier, pp. 110
- Litster, A., Atkins, C., Atwell, R., Buchanan, J. (2005): Radiographic cardiac size in cats and dogs with heartworm disease compared with reference values using the vertebral heart scale method: 53 cases. J. Vet. Cardiol., 7(1): 33–40. DOI: 10.1016/j. jvc.2005.02.002
- Litster, A.L., Atwell, R.B. (2008): Feline heartworm disease: a clinical review. J. Feline Med. Surg., 10(2): 137–144. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2007.09.007
- Le, A.C., Atkins, C.E. (2010): Understanding feline heartworm infection: disease, diagnosis, and treatment. Top. Companion Anim. Med., 25(4): 224–230. DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2010.09.003
- McCall, J.W. (1998): Dirofilarisis in the domestic ferret. Clin. Tech. Small Anim. Pract., 13(2): 109–112. DOI: 10.1016/S1096-2867(98)80015-7
- McCall, J.W., Genchi, C., Kramer, L.H., Guerero, J., Venco, L. (2008): Heartworm disease in animals and humans. Adv. Parasitol., 66: 193–285. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-308X(08)00204-2
- Montoya-Alonso, J.A., Careton, E., Garcia-Guasch, L., Exposito, J., Armario, B., Morchon, R., Simon, F. (2014): First epidemiological report of feline heartworm infection in the Barcelona metropolitan area (Spain). Parasite Vectors, 7: 506. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0506-6
- Montoya-Alonso, J.A., Morchon, R., Falcon-Cordon, Y., Falcon-Cordon, S., Simon, F., Careton, E. (2017): Prevalence of heartworm in dogs and cats of Madrid, Spain. Parasite Vectors, 10(1): 354. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2299-x
- Morchon, R., Careton, E., Gonzalez-Miguel, J., Mellado-Hernandez, I. (2012): Heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) and their vectors in Europe – new distribution trends. Front. Physiol., 3: 196. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00196
- Nelson, C.T. (2008): Dirofilaria immitis in cats: diagnosis and management. Compend. Contin. Educ. Vet., 30(7): 393–400
- Pana, D., Radulescu, A., Mitrea, I.L., Ionita, M. (2020): First report on clinical feline heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in Romania. Helminthologia, 57(1): 49–56. DOI: 10.2478/helm-2020-0009 Pennisi, M.G., Hartmann, K., Addie, D.D., Boucraut-Baralon, C., Egberink, H., Frymus, T., Gruffyd-Jones, T., Horzinek, M.C., Hosie, M.J., Lloret, A., Lutz, H., Marsilio, F., Radford, A.D., Thiry, E., Truyen, U., Mostl, K. (2015): Lungworm disease in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J. Feline Med. Surg., 17(7): 626–636. DOI: 10.1177/1098612X15588455
- Pennisi, M.G., Tasker, S., Hartmann, K., Belak, S., Addie, D., Boucraut-Baralon, C., Egberink, H., Frymus, T., Hofmann-Lehmann, R., Hosie, M., Lloret, A., Marsilio, F., Thiry, E., Truyen, U., Mostl, K. (2020): Dirofilarioses in cats: European guidelines from the ABCD on prevention and management. J. Feline Med. Surg., 22(5): 442–451. DOI: 10.1177/1098612X20917601
- Pereira, B.B., Bastos, B.F., Keidel, L., Leles, D., Brener, B. (2018): Feline heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection: first case report of serological diagnosis in Brazil, confirmed by molecular assay. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc., 90(2): 2293–2297. DOI: 10.1590/00013765201820170063
- Schnyder, M., Di Cesare, A., Basso, W., Guscetti, F., Riond, B., Glaus, T., Crisi, P., Deplazes, P. (2014): Clinical, laboratory and pathological findings in cats experimentally infected with Aelurostrongylus abstrusus Parasitol. Res., 113: 1425–1433. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3783-2
- Snyder, P., Levy, J., Salute, M.E., Gorman, S.P., Kubilis, P.S., Smail, P.W., George, L.L. (2000): Performance of serologic tests used to detect heartworm infection in cats. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 216(5): 693–700. DOI: 10.2460/javma.2000.216.693
- Traversa, D., Di Cesare, A. (2014): Cardio-pulmonary parasitic nematodes affecting cats in Europe: unraveling the past, depicting the present, and predicting the future. Front. Vet. Sci., 1: 11. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2014.00011
- Venco, L., Genchi, C., Genchi, M., Grandi, G., Kramer, L. H. (2008): Clinical evolution and radiographic findings of feline heartworm infection in asymptomatic cats. Vet. Parasitol., 158(3): 232–237. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.011
- Venco, L., Marchesotti, F., Manzochi, S. (2015): Feline heart-worm disease: a ‘Rubik’s-cube-like’ diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. J. Vet. Cardiol., 17(1): 190–201. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.08.004
- Zajac, A., Conboy, G. (2012): Veterinary Clinical Parasitology. 8th Edition, Chichester, UK, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 14–87
Language: English
Page range: 106 - 114
Submitted on: May 18, 2020
Accepted on: Sep 1, 2020
Published on: Feb 10, 2021
Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2021 A. S. Tonev, Z. Kirkova, P. T. Iliev, A. Roussenov, T. Chaprazov, R. Roydev, N. Pirovski, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.