Table 1
Prevalence of endoparasites diagnosed in the feces of examined cats N =155 (number of cats tested); No= case number of infection; % = infection prevalence rate;
| Total number of cats tested | In Monoinfection* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ENDOPARASITES | No | N% | No | N% |
| Toxocara mystax | 29 | 18.71 | 13 | 8.39 |
| Capillaria aerophila | 23 | 14.84 | 16 | 10.32 |
| Isospora spp. | 17 | 10.97 | 6 | 3.87 |
| Ancylostomatidae | 12 | 7.74 | 5 | 3.22 |
| Dipylidium caninum | 5 | 3.22 | 2 | 1.29 |
| Toxascaris leonina | 3 | 1.93 | 3 | 1.93 |
| TOTAL: (67 positive cats of endoparasites) N% 43,22 | ||||
| *(45 positive cats with monoinfection) N% 29,03 | ||||
Table 2
Prevalence of mixed endoparasites infections diagnosed in the feces of examined cats N =155 (total number of cats tested); No= case number of infection; % = rate in coinfection;
| ENDOPARASITES | NO | N% | In Double infections | NO | N% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toxocara mystax | 16 | 10.32 | Toxocara mystax | 4 | 2.58 |
| Capillaria aerophila | 7 | 4.52 | Capillaria aerophila Isospora spp. | 3 | 1.93 |
| Isospora spp. | 11 | 7.10 | Capillaria aerophila Isospora spp. | 5 | 3.22 |
| Ancylostomatidae | 7 | 4.51 | Toxocara mystax Isospora spp. | 3 | 1.93 |
| Dipylidium caninum | 3 | 1.93 | Ancylostomatidae Toxocara mystax | 4 | 2.58 |
| Toxascaris leonina | / | / | Ancylostomatidae Toxocara mystax | 3 | 1.93 |
| Dipylidium caninum | |||||
| TOTAL: (22 positive cats of double infections) N% 14.19 | |||||
Fig. 1
Necropsy in one cat, light microscopy. A) Female C. aerophila with eggs embedded in the remnant uterus in the trachea of a cat, native preparation (100x magnification); B) Eggs of C. aerophila detected in microscopic examination of the tracheal lavage, native preparation (400x magnification)
Fig. 2
Coprology examination, light microscopy. A) Eggs of C. aerophila (100x magnification); B) Egg of C. aerophila (400x magnification); C) Egg polar plugs of C. aerophila (1000x magnification). Missing thickening at the base of the bipolar plug (arrow).
Table 3
Modifications from physiological parameters find on a general and special examination for 23 cats positive for C. aerophila
| Blood count results | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cat N° | Sex | Age | (TM Kg) | Animal Condition | Fever Ower (°C) 38 - 39.5 | Assessing Dehydration | Pulse 140-120 | Heart Murmurs | Resp.Rate 20-30 | Dyspnea and cyanosis | Crackles | Coffin | WBC 109/L 3.8-19.5 | Er1012 g/L 5.0-10.5 | Eo % 2-12% | RTG pic No: | Degre of infection Coprology | Diagnose | The outcome of treated cats |
| 1 | M | 3.5 | 3.2 | Critical | 35.5 | (O) 8-10 | 225 | M 2/6 | 80 | +++ | ++ | ++ | 23.000 | 4.5 | 6 | - | +++ | BP | DV, EX |
| 2 | M | 5 | 5.0 | Excellent | 39.0 | (A) | 130 | - | 55 | - | - | - | 17.000 | 9.5 | 2 | - | + | GIP | DV |
| 3 | M | 2 | 3.8 | Fair | (SF) 40 | (M) 5-8 | 210 | M T 23//6 6 | 75 | ++ | + | + | 21.000 | 5.5 | 3 | A, 3 B | + | BP | DV |
| 4 | M | 7 | 5.2 | Good | 38.5 | (A) | 156 | - | 50 | - | - | - | 17.500 | 7.5 | 2 | - | + | GIP | DV |
| 5 | F | 6 | 4.2 | Fair | (WI) 40.3 | (M) 5-8 | 196 | - | 75 | ++ | + | ++ | 22.000 | 5.0 | 4 | 3 | ++ | BP | DV |
| 6 | F | 9 | 3.5 | Poor | 36.5 | (O) 8-10 | 240 | - | 80 | ++ | + | ++ | 6.000 | 5.0 | 2 | 4 | + | DCa | DV, EX |
| 7 | F | 4.5 | 8.0 | Fair | 38.5 | (A) | 150 | - | 50 | - | - | - | 15.000 | 6.0 | 2 | - | + | GIP | DV |
| 8 | F | 6.5 | 4.0 | Fair | 38.6 | (A) | 145 | - | 42 | - | - | - | 16.000 | 6.5 | 2 | - | + | GIP | DV |
| 9 | F | 5.5 | 4,6 | Good | 38.0 | (A) | 140 | - | 40 | - | - | - | 18.000 | 8.0 | 2 | - | + | GIP | DV |
| 10 | F | 3 | 3.6 | Fair | 38.7 | (A) | 140 | - | 36 | + | - | + | 17.000 | 8.0 | 2 | - | + | GIP | DV |
| 11 | M | 7.5 | 5.0 | Fair | (WI) 40.2 | (M) 5-8 | 230 | M 3/6 | 80 | ++ | + | + | 21.500 | 6.0 | 5 | 5 | ++ | PT | S, DV |
| 12 | F | 6 | 4.6 | Good | 38.2 | (A) | 130 | - | 30 | - | - | - | 18.000 | 8.5 | 2 | - | + | GIP | DV |
| 13 | F | 6.5 | 5 | Fair | 38.4 | (A) | 136 | - | 32 | - | - | - | 16.500 | 8.0 | 2 | - | + | GIP | DV |
| 14 | F | 7 | 3.8 | Fair | 38.0 | (A) | 140 | - | 36 | - | - | - | 17.500 | 8.5 | 2 | - | + | GIP | DV |
| 15 | M | 8 | 5.3 | Good | (WI) 40.1 | (A) | 195 | A 2/6 | 70 | + | - | + | 26.000 | 5.5 | 3 | - | ++ | GIP | DV |
| 16 | M | 8,5 | 9.2 | Fair | 38.0 | (A) | 150 | M 3/6 | 55 | - | - | - | 18.000 | 6.5 | 2 | 2 | + | GIP,HP | DV |
| 17 | F | 9 | 3.3 | Poor | 37.2 | (M) 5-8 | 165 | P T 12//6 6 | 60 | - | - | ++ | 7.000 | 6.0 | 4 | 1 | ++ | HP, CHF CT, BP, | DV |
| 18 | M | 3 | 3.5 | Poor | (WI) 40.5 | (M) 5-8 | 170 | P M 43/6 /6 | 65 | ++ | + | ++ | 5.000 | 6.5 | 5 | 6 | ++ | BaCa, BP | DV, EX |
| 19 | F | 3.5 | 4.2 | Good | 38.0 | (A) | 130 | - | 30 | - | - | - | 18.600 | 7.0 | 4 | - | + | GIP | DV |
| 20 | F | 5 | 4.3 | Good | 38.3 | (A) | 135 | - | 35 | - | - | - | 16.000 | 6.5 | 3 | - | + | GIP, | DV |
| 21 | M | 7.5 | 5.5 | Fair | 38.1 | (A) | 126 | - | 28 | - | - | - | 14.500 | 7.0 | 4 | - | + | GIP | DV |
| 22 | F | 6 | 4.1 | Fair | 38.0 | (A) | 140 | - | 30 | - | - | - | 16.400 | 7.5 | 3 | - | + | GI | DV |
| 23 | M | 5 | 4 | Fair | 38.6 | (A) | 140 | - | 32 | - | - | - | 14.400 | 6.5 | 3 | 5 | + | PT, GIP, CHF, DV | |
[i] Abbreviations: Used medical abbreviations to describe findings include:
1. RAVS Animal Condition Score: Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor, and Critical
2. Fever (°C) / According to the degree of increase: (SF) sub febrile increase of 0.1 - 0.5 °C, (WI) weak increase by 1 °C (Duration: febris ephemera; 1-2 days)
3. Assessing Dehydration: (A) 0-5% - Adequate- No abnormalities were seen, (M) 5-8% - Marginal - CRT (2 sec), eyes slightly sunken in sockets, mucous membranes slightly dry or tacky, (O) 8-10% -Obvious delay - increased CRT (2-2.5 sec), eyes sunken in sockets, mucous membranes dry, slightly tacky, (5-10 seconds) in skin returning to normal position.
4. Auscultation: Dyspnea, cyanosis,”crackles” and coffin: Negative finding / (-), Low / (+), Medium / (++), High / (+++).
5. Heart Murmurs, location and Evaluating: Usually, the valve area over which the murmur is loudest = (A) Aortic / (M) Mitral / (T) Tricuspid / (P) Pulmonic. Grade: 1/6 - Can only be heard in a quiet room after several minutes of listening, 2/6 - Can be heard immediately, but is very soft, 3/6 - Low to moderately intense, 4/6 - Loud, but without a palpable thrill, 5/6 - Loud, with a palpable thrill, 6/6 - Can be heard with the stethoscope slightly off the thoracic wall
6. Diagnosis/outcome of treated cats: HP - Hydroperikard, CT - colapsus tracheae, CHF - congestive heart failure, BP - Bacterial bronchopneumonia, PT - Pneumothorax, VBP - Virus bronchopneumonia. DCM - Dilated cardiomyopathy. OP- Oedema pulmonum, DCa - Disseminated carcinoma, BaCa - Bronchoalveolar localization of pulmonary carcinoma, DV - dewormed, GIP - gastro-intestinal parasitosis, S- suction, EX - exitus.
Degree of infection / Coprology (semi-quantitative FEC scale by Pittman et al., 2010): Low (+): 1-10 eggs; Medium (++): 11-49 eggs; High (+++): <a> 50 eggs (number of eggs calculated per a covering - epc)
Fig. 3
(A) ventrodorsal and (B) right lateral thoracic X-rays of a two-year-old male cat with Capillaria aerophila infection. A complex lung pattern is visible across the pulmonary fields, characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes and mild reticular interstitial pattern, with the symptoms of the respiratory signs due to; tachypnoea, dyspnoea with abdominal breathing, and end-inspiratory crackles upon auscultation.
Fig. 4
(A, C, D, E, and F) right lateral thoracic and (B) left lateral thoracic X-rays of the cats with Capillaria aerophila infection.
(A) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 9 year - old female infected with C. aerophila. A complex lung pattern is visible across the pulmonary fields, characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes and mild reticular interstitial pattern and there is an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with collapses tracheae and ascites.
(B) Left lateral thoracic X-ray an 8,5 year - old male infected with C. aerophila. An oedema pulmonum is present and there is a large enlargement of the cardiac silhouette due to the dilated cardiomyopathy with hydropericardium present with bronchial wall thickening and increased interstitial opacity.
(C) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 6 year - old female infected with C. aerophila. Bacterial bronchopneumonia with complex lung pattern, characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes and emphysema and atelectasis of the diaphragmatic lobes.
(D) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 9 year - old female infected with C. aerophila. The virus caused bronchopneumonia with secondary bacterial complications and complex lung pattern, characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes with atelectasis of caudal pulmonary lobes and increased interstitial opacity.
(E) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 7,5 year -old male infected with C. aerophila. Bacterial bronchopneumonia complicated with pneumothorax and pulmonary hypertension - there is an enlargement of the pulmonary artery of the caudal lobar pulmonary artery.
(F) Right lateral thoracic X-ray a 7,5 year -old male infected with C. aerophila. Bronchoalveolar localization of Ca with oedema pulmonum characterized by bronchial and alveolar changes and very difficult respiratory signs due to; tachypnoea, dyspnoea with abdominal breathing, and end-inspiratory crackles upon auscultation.