Vertical distribution of soil free-living nematode in a playa habitat in the North-Western Negev desert, Israel

Hu, C.; Pen-Mouratov, S.; Steinberger, Y.

Vertical distribution of soil free-living nematode in a playa habitat in the North-Western Negev desert, Israel

Helminthologia

Volume 57 (2020): Issue 4 (December 2020)

By:

C. Hu, S. Pen-Mouratov and Y. Steinberger

Open Access

|Nov 2020

Figures & Tables

Vertical distribution of total number of nematode at five soil depths in the playa and loessial plain areas during the dry and wet seasons. PD-playa area during the dry season; PW-playa area during the wet season; CD-loessial plain area during the dry season; CW-loessial plain area during the wet season.

Vertical distribution of nematode trophic groups at five soil depths in the playa and loessial plain areas during the dry and wet seasons. A. bacterivores, B. fungivores, C. plant parasites, D. omnivores–predators. PD-playa area during the dry season; PW-playa area during the wet season; CD- loessial plain area during the dry season; CW- loessial plain area during the wet season.

Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil moisture (SM), soil organic content (OM), electrical conductivity (EC), total number of nematode (TN), bacterivores (BF), fungivores (FF), plant – parasite nematode (PP) and omnivore – predator nematode (OP) with reference to different soil depths in the playa and loessial plain area during the dry and wet seasons. I, II, III, IV, V denote 0 – 10 cm, 10 – 20 cm, 20 – 30 cm 30 – 40 cm and 40 – 50 cm soil depths; A, playa area during the dry season; B, loessial plain area during the dry season; C, playa area during the wet season; D, loessial plain area during the wet season.

Number of soil nematode (individuals per 100 g dry soils) across all soil layers in the playa and loessial plain areas during the dry and wet seasons_

Genus	c-p c-p values, characterized by life history characteristics, are adapted from Bongers (1990). values	Dry season		Wet season

		playa	loessial plain	playa	loessial plain
Bacterivores Trophic groups according to Yeates et al. (1993).
Acrobeles	2	0.8 Means from four replicates.	74.9	0.3	42.3
Acrobeloides	2	2.7	24.4	0.3	07.1
Alaimus	4	0.0	00.0	0.0	00.1
Cephalobus	2	0.5	32.3	0.0	15.5
Cervidellus	2	0.0	04.8	0.0	00.0
Chambersiella	2	0.0	02.6	0.0	00.5
Chiloplacus	2	0.0	23.9	0.1	14.4
Diploscapter	1	0.0	00.0	0.1	02.9
Eucephalobus	2	0.0	00.9	0.0	02.0
Mesorhabditis	1	0.0	03.1	0.0	00.0
Metateratocephalus	3	3.0	46.8	0.0	20.7
Monhystera	2	0.0	00.0	0.0	00.1
Panagrobelus	1	0.0	00.0	0.0	00.9
Panagrolaimus	1	0.0	01.6	0.0	00.5
Plectus	2	0.0	03.4	0.0	00.1
Protorhabditis	1	0.0	00.0	0.0	00.1
Rhabditis	1	0.0	01.9	0.0	00.4
Tylocephalus	2	0.0	00.0	0.0	01.0
Wilsonema	2	0.0	01.3	0.0	00.0
Fungivores
Aphelenchoides	2	0.4	38.2	0.0	07.8
Aphelenchus	2	0.0	08.6	0.0	09.2
Aprutides	2	0.0	00.0	0.0	00.2
Diphtherophora	3	0.0	00.0	0.0	00.7
Ditylenchus	2	0.0	00.0	0.0	00.1
Nothotylenchus	2	0.0	01.4	0.0	00.5
Panaphelenchus	2	0.0	00.0	0.0	00.5
Tylencholaimellus	4	0.0	03.2	0.0	02.2
Tylencholaimus	4	0.0	02.5	0.0	00.7
Belonolaimus	3	0.0	00.0	0.0	00.9
Plant-parasites
Filenchus	2	0.0	01.4	0.0	01.2
Helicotylenchus	3	0.4	01.1	0.0	00.0
Hoplolaimus	3	0.0	02.1	0.0	01.4
Longidorus	5	0.0	05.5	0.0	00.1
Paratylenchus	2	0.0	00.0	0.0	01.6
Pratylenchus	3	0.0	02.1	0.0	02.9
Telotylenchus	3	0.0	01.3	0.1	02.8
Tetylenchus	3	0.0	01.6	0.1	02.2
Tridorus	4	0.0	00.0	0.0	00.2
Tylenchorhynchus	3	0.0	07.7	0.1	03.2
Tylenchus	2	0.1	00.6	0.2	00.4
Xiphinema	5	0.0	02.8	0.0	00.0
Omnivores-predators
Aporcelaimellus	5	0.0	01.1	0.0	02.5
Aporcelaimus	5	0.1	12.8	0.0	04.4
Clarkus	4	0.0	00.5	0.0	00.0
Discolaimium	5	0.0	00.0	0.0	00.2
Discolaimus	5	0.0	03.2	0.0	06.6
Dorylaimellus	5	0.0	07.6	0.0	01.4
Dorylaimoides	4	0.0	00.7	0.0	00.0
Dorylaimus	4	0.0	03.0	0.0	00.0
Eudorylaimus	4	0.0	06.3	0.0	00.0
Labronema	4	0.0	03.7	0.0	03.8
Mesodorylaimus	5	0.0	05.4	0.0	00.0
Mononchus	4	0.0	00.9	0.0	00.0
Nygolaimus	5	0.0	00.0	0.0	00.8
Thonus	4	0.0	00.0	0.0	04.5

Nematode ecological indices in different sampling sites, depths and seasons_

Index	Sampling depths (cm)

	0-10		10-20		20-30		30-40		40-50

	Playa	Control	Playa	Control	Playa	Control	Playa	Control	Playa	Control
Dry season
F/B Abbreviations as in Table 2.	0.25b Mean values from four replicates, different letters at each layer in a line denote significant differences as assessed by t-test (P < 0.05).	0.35a	0.13a	0.20a	0.00b	0.19a	0.13a	0.18a	0.00b	0.30a
NCR	0.88a	0.74b	0.92a	0.84a	1.00a	0.85b	0.90a	0.86a	1.00a	0.80b
T	1.29b	2.20a	1.42b	2.37a	1.23b	2.28a	1.44b	2.25a	1.00b	2.50a
H'	0.92b	2.23a	0.78b	2.32a	0.71b	2.12a	0.95b	2.23a	0.49b	2.10a
λ	0.44a	0.14b	0.54a	0.13b	0.55a	0.16b	0.41a	0.14b	0.66a	0.14b
SR	0.78b	1.89a	0.77b	2.07a	0.61b	1.99a	0.88b	2.19a	0.46b	2.12a
MI	2.43a	2.25b	2.25b	2.81a	2.17b	2.83a	2.35b	2.86a	2.71a	2.58b
MMI	2.43a	2.35a	2.25b	2.85a	2.48b	2.90a	2.39b	2.86a	2.71a	2.66a
EI	8.25b	34.75a	8.33a	14.75a	0.00b	11.25a	10.50a	15.50a	0.00b	22.50a
SI	54.50a	41.00b	25.00b	70.00a	23.00b	71.25a	49.50b	73.75a	83.25a	62.25b
Wet season
F/B	0.00b	0.28a	0.00b	0.38a	0.00b	0.19a	0.00b	0.19a	0.00b	0.37a
NCR	1.00a	0.82b	1.00a	0.73b	1.00a	0.84b	1.00a	0.85b	1.00a	0.78b
T	1.20b	2.08a	1.00b	2.92a	1.00b	2.49a	1.00b	1.98a	1.00b	2.33a
H'	0.45b	2.42a	0.00b	2.32a	0.00b	2.15a	0.00b	2.09a	0.00b	2.05a
λ	0.71a	0.20b	1.00a	0.11b	1.00a	0.17b	1.00a	0.15b	1.00a	0.12b
SR	0.44	1.91	0.00	2.39	0.00	2.16	0.00	2.48	0.00	2.88
MI	1.75b	2.42a	2.00b	2.95a	2.00b	2.84a	2.00b	2.40a	2.00b	2.39a
MMI	2.13b	2.47a	2.00b	2.93a	2.00b	2.85a	2.50a	2.46a	2.50a	2.53a
EI	40.00a	26.00b	0.00b	20.25a	0.00b	23.50a	0.00b	29.25a	0.00b	32.50a
SI	0.00b	55.00a	0.00b	76.75a	0.00b	74.75a	0.00b	55.25a	0.00b	51.75a

Soil physico-chemical propertites in the playa and loessial plain areas (as control) under the dry and wet seasons_

Treatment	Dry season			Wet season

	SM SM: soil moisture; OM: soil organic matter content; EC: electrical conductivity. (%)	OM (%)	EC (ms cm^-1)	SM (%)	OM (%)	EC (ms cm^-1)
0 – 10 cm
playa	1.28±0.73a Means and standard deviation from four replicates, different letters at each soil layer in a column denote significant differences as assessed by t-test (P < 0.05).	0.25±0.05a	2.20±1.15a	7.16±1.70a	0.14±0.07a	1.97±0.63a
loessial plain	0.11±0.05b	0.07±0.04b	0.05±0.00b	1.93±0.54b	0.05±0.04b	0.08±0.01b
10 – 20 cm
playa	2.42±0.68a	0.18±0.03a	3.35±0.59a	5.44±0.53a	0.16±0.13a	1.77±0.32a
loessial plain	0.09±0.03b	0.07±0.04b	0.05±0.00b	1.14±0.15b	0.04±0.03a	0.07±0.01b
20 – 30 cm
playa	3.08±0.95a	0.13±0.03a	3.03±0.75a	6.75±0.89a	0.14±0.07a	2.85±0.97a
loessial plain	0.13±0.03b	0.06±0.06b	0.05±0.00b	0.84±0.17b	0.02±0.00b	0.07±0.01b
30 – 40 cm
playa	3.81±1.05a	0.10±0.02a	2.99±0.68a	5.69±0.90a	0.15±0.08a	2.63±0.39a
loessial plain	0.16±0.06b	0.03±0.02b	0.06±0.01b	0.80±0.17b	0.02±0.00b	0.06±0.00b
40 – 50 cm
playa	1.23±1.35a	0.04±0.04a	1.09±0.75a	3.47±1.65a	0.10±0.05a	1.83±0.80a
loessial plain	0.42±0.40a	0.05±0.05a	0.06±0.03b	0.80±0.12b	0.04±0.01b	0.07±0.01b

Univariate analysis of variance of the soil properties, nematode population and ecological indices_

Index	Location (L)		Depth (D)		Season (S)		L×D		L×S		D×S

	F-value	P-value	F-value	P-value	F-value	P-value	F-value	P-value	F-value	P-value	F-value	P-value
Soil Properties
SM SM: soil moisture; OM: organic matter; EC: electrical conductivity; TN: total number of nematodes; BF: bacterivores; FF: fungivores; PP: plant-parasite nematodes; OP: omnivore-predator nematodes; F/B: fungivores/bacterivores ratio; NCR: nematode channel ratio T: trophic diversity; H’: Shannon index; λ: genus dominance; SR: species richness; MI: maturity index; MMI: modified maturity index; EI: enrichment index; SI: structure index. NS: no significant.	139.81	< 0.0001	6.36	0.0002	139.81	< 0.0001	7.12	< 0.0001	45.04	< 0.0001	6.80	0.0001
OM	1.16	< 0.0001	4.95	0.0016	1.16	NS	2.72	0.0376	0.54	NS	1.64	NS
EC	1.73	< 0.0001	5.25	0.0011	1.73	NS	5.35	0.0009	2.02	NS	2.45	NS
Trophic Group
TN	69.36	< 0.0001	6.42	0.0002	8.88	0.0042	6.21	0.0003	7.63	0.0076	1.08	NS
BF	49.67	< 0.0001	4.39	0.0035	6.80	0.0115	4.17	0.0048	5.48	0.0226	1.24	NS
FF	24.00	< 0.0001	3.67	0.0097	4.44	0.0394	3.65	0.0100	4.22	0.0443	0.92	NS
PP	36.87	< 0.0001	3.63	0.0102	1.87	NS	3.63	0.0103	1.87	NS	2.10	NS
OP	45.42	< 0.0001	3.68	0.0096	4.22	0.0442	3.66	0.0099	4.14	0.0462	0.69	NS
Ecological Indices
F/B	8.71	0.005	0.76	NS	0.48	NS	0.34	NS	1.19	NS	0.52	NS
NCR	17.50	0.0001	0.66	NS	0.63	NS	0.39	NS	1.16	NS	0.63	NS
T	55.27	< 0.0001	0.57	NS	0.78	NS	0.51	NS	0.53	NS	0.50	NS
H'	618.16	< 0.0001	1.29	NS	22.40	< 0.0001	1.69	NS	23.27	< 0.0001	0.76	NS
Λ	177.50	< 0.0001	0.93	NS	2.82	NS	1.79	NS	20.50	< 0.0001	0.41	NS
SR	139.82	< 0.0001	0.36	NS	3.39	NS	1.25	NS	8.16	0.0062	0.45	NS
MI	22.25	< 0.0001	1.74	NS	1.24	NS	2.71	0.0417	5.07	0.0292	1.84	NS
MMI	12.18	0.001	1.27	NS	0.95	NS	2.20	NS	0.33	NS	0.51	NS
EI	9.75	0.0032	1.69	NS	5.78	0.0206	0.41	NS	0.01	NS	0.14	NS
SI	22.56	< 0.0001	0.56	NS	1.66	NS	3.08	0.0253	11.82	0.0013	1.85	NS

Correlation coefficients between soil properties and soil nematode indices_

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0043 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605

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Language: English

Page range: 361 - 375

Submitted on: Dec 13, 2019

Accepted on: May 4, 2020

Published on: Nov 19, 2020

Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Mathematical Institute

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 times per year

Keywords:

vertical distribution,

soil nematode community,

Related subjects:

Zoology,

Ecology,

Life sciences, other,

Medicine,

Clinical medicine,

Microbiology, virology and infection epidemiology

© 2020 C. Hu, S. Pen-Mouratov, Y. Steinberger, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Mathematical Institute
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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Vertical distribution of soil free-living nematode in a playa habitat in the North-Western Negev desert, Israel

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Number of soil nematode (individuals per 100 g dry soils) across all soil layers in the playa and loessial plain areas during the dry and wet seasons_

Nematode ecological indices in different sampling sites, depths and seasons_

Soil physico-chemical propertites in the playa and loessial plain areas (as control) under the dry and wet seasons_

Univariate analysis of variance of the soil properties, nematode population and ecological indices_

Correlation coefficients between soil properties and soil nematode indices_

Paradigm

My account

Index	SM	OM	EC
TN Abbreviations as in Table 2. NS: no significant.	- 0.44 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.23 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.51 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
BF	- 0.41 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	NS	- 0.48 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
FF	- 0.33 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	NS	- 0.37 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
PP	- 0.36 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.2 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.44 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
OP	- 0.43 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.25 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.48 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
F/B	- 0.28 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	NS	NS
NCR	0.36 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	NS	0.35 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
T	- 0.52 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.44 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.58 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
H'	- 0.77 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.54 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.78 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
λ	0.74 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	0.47 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	0.70 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
SR	- 0.6 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.57 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.72 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
MI	- 0.56 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.42 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.42 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
MMI	- 0.40 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.35 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.32 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
EI	NS	NS	- 0.39 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.
SI	- 0.58 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.44 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.	- 0.47 Correlation coefficients significant at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.