Diversity of parasites from Xenopus laevis (Amphibia: Pipidae) and their seasonal rate of infection in selected habitats in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Information on Xenopus laevis sampled at the three localities in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, during the four seasons (January 2007–October 2007).

Locality	Season	Sex	Number	Standard length
			examined	(mm)
	Autumn	Male	8	84.75 ± 9.92
		Female	10	88.87 ± 9.55
	Winter	Male	10	87.20 ± 13.04
Modjadjiskloof		Female	12	91.67 ± 9.77
	Spring	Male	11	91.09 ± 9.36
		Female	10	94.70 ± 8.46
	Summer	Male	12	92.66 ± 8.46
		Female	14	91.29 ± 8.79

	Autumn	Male	13	88.46 ± 8.51
		Female	12	84.16 ± 9.28
	Winter	Male	15	81.80 ± 9.55
		Female	13	93.77 ± 6.98
Mokopane	Spring	Male	12	88.50 ± 8.94
		Female	10	84.40 ± 8.54
	Summer	Male	14	80.57 ± 6.97
		Female	16	86.86 ± 10.07

	Autumn	Male	14	70.93 ± 4.64
		Female	11	73.63 ± 7.21
	Winter	Male	10	73.90 ± 11.29
University of Limpopo		Female	15	70.87 ± 6.13
	Spring	Male	8	66.94 ± 6.41
		Female	17	72.75 ± 6.71
	Summer	Male	13	68.46 ± 5.21
		Female	12	71.50 ± 10.45

*Trichodina xenopodos*, photomicrographs. A = *Trichodina xenopodos* from a wet preparation. B = *T. xenopodos* in a Petri-dish with saline. Scale bar: (400×)

*Protopolystoma xenopodis*, photomicrographs. A = ventral view. B = illustration suckers. Scale bar: 100 μm.

*Dollfuschella rodhaini*, photomicrographs. A = ventral view of D. *rodhaini*. B = Enlarged sinus organ. Scale bar: A = 1100 μm, B = 10μm.

*Progonimodiscus doyeri*, photomicrographs. A = posterior view of the large acetabulum. B = micrograph of whole body of Pd. *doyeri*. Scale bar: 100 μm.

*Cephalochlamys namaquensis*, photomicrographs. A = enlarged view of the scolex. B = micrograph showing segments and the position of gonopores. Scale bar: 100 μm.

*Camallanus kaapstaadi*, photomicrographs A = wet preparation of Cm. *kaapstaadi*. B = tapering tail with three mucrons.
C = enlarged buccal capsule with two large valves. Scale bar: A – B = (200x), C = (400x).

*Batrachocamallanus slomei*, photomicrographs. A = opening of the anterior buccal capsule. B = posterior end showing mucrons.
Scale bar: A = 10 μm, B = 100 μm.

Prevalence of parasites recorded from *Xenopus laevis* from Modjadjiskloof, Mokopane and University of Limpopo in different seasons. Key: T. *xenopodos* = *Trichodina xenopodos*, Pt. *xenopodos* = *Protopolystoma xenopodis*, D. *rodhaini* = *Dollfuschella rodhaini*, Pd. *doyeri* = *Progonimodiscus doyeri*, Cp. *namaquensis* = *Cephalochlamys namaquensis*, B. *slomei* = *Batrachocamallanus slomei*, Cm. *kaapstaadi* = *Camallanus kaapstaadi*.

Mean intensity of parasites recorded from *Xenopus laevis* from Modjadjiskloof, Mokopane and University of Limpopo in different seasons. Key: T. *xenopodos* = *Trichodina xenopodos*, Pt. *xenopodos* = *Protopolystoma xenopodis*, D. *rodhaini* = *Dollfuschella rodhaini*, Pd. *doyeri* = *Progonimodiscus doyeri*, Cp. *namaquensis* = *Cephalochlamys namaquensis*, B. *slomei* = *Batrachocamallanus slomei*, Cm. *kaapstaadi* = *Camallanus kaapstaadi*.

Table 2

Summary of the occurrence of parasites from Xenopus laevis in relation to size and sex for surveys conducted in Modjadjiskloof, Mokopane, University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Locality	Parasites	Chi-square	p – value

	Preference for sex
	Trichodina xenopodos	0.202	0.653
	Protopolystoma xenopodis	0.009	0.926
	Dollfuschella rodhaini	0.404	0.525
Modjadjiskloof	Progonimodiscus doyeri	2.063	0.151
	Cephalochlamys namaquensis	0.010	0.920
	Batrachocamallanus slomei	2.940	0.086
	Camallanus kaapstaadi	0.292	0.589

	Dollfuschella rodhaini	1.069	0.301
	Progonimodiscus doyeri	2.016	0.156
Mokopane	Cephalochlamys namaquensis	0.047	0.829
	Batrachocamallanus slomei	0.012	0.912
	Camallanus kaapstaadi	1.083	0.298

	Protopolystoma xenopodis	1.255	0.263
University of Limpopo	Batrachocamallanus slomei	0.236	0.627

Locality	Camallanus kaapstaadi Parasites	0.219 R² value	0.640 p – value

	Preference for size
	Trichodina xenopodos	0.027	0.806
	Protopolystoma xenopodis	0.176	0.103
	Dollfuschella rodhaini	0.131	0.225
Modjadjiskloof	Progonimodiscus doyeri	−0.045	0.680
	Cephalochlamys namaquensis	0.028	0.796
	Batrachocamallanus slomei	0.064	0.558
	Camallanus kaapstaadi	0.130	0.231

	Dollfuschella rodhaini	−0.013	0.895
	Progonimodiscus doyeri	−0.136	0.166
Mokopane	Cephalochlamys namaquensis	−0.042	0.669
	Batrachocamallanus slomei	−0.051	0.607
	Camallanus kaapstaadi	−0.039	0.691

	Protopolystoma xenopodis	−0.089	0.376
University of Limpopo	Batrachocamallanus slomei	−0.104	0.303
	Camallanus kaapstaadi	−0.014	0.893

Table 3

Summary of surface water variables in the three localities. Values are given as averages of four seasonal sampling periods.

Variable	Locality

	Modjadjiskloof	Mokopane	Turfloop
Temperature (°C)	22.2	23.6	25.5
pH	7.8	7.2	7.5
Conductivity (mS/m)	50.7	115.3	65.5
Turbidity (NTU)	2.9	8.5	1.8
DO (mg^-l)	7.1	5.6	7.15

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0027 | Journal eISSN: 1336-9083 | Journal ISSN: 0440-6605

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Language: English

Page range: 252 - 267

Submitted on: Aug 2, 2019

Accepted on: Apr 8, 2020

Published on: Aug 5, 2020

Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: Volume open

Keywords:

Season,

Related subjects:

Zoology,

Ecology,

Life sciences, other,

Medicine,

Clinical medicine,

Microbiology, virology and infection epidemiology

© 2020 E. M. Mbokane, J. Theron, W. J. Luus-Powel, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 57 (2020): Issue 3 (September 2020)

Diversity of parasites from Xenopus laevis (Amphibia: Pipidae) and their seasonal rate of infection in selected habitats in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

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