Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

Figure 10.

Estimated cost per kg of macroalgae extract_
| Payload Cost | Author | Total Cost per kg |
|---|---|---|
| $4,000.00–$40,000.00 | Ehlmann et al. (2005) | $50,968.00 – $1,760,000 |
| $1,000.00–$5,000.00 (regular) | Zuniga et al. (2015) | $14,160.00 – $60,000.00 (Regular) |
| $5,000.00–$10,000.00 (long-term) | $70,000.00 – $144,200.00 (long-term) | |
| $200.00–$300.00 | Heldmann et al. (2022) | $13,360.00 – $21,120.00 |
Controlled conditions were maintained in an incubator for seed germination assays in terrestrial soil samples and simulated lunar and Martian regolith_
| Conditions | Day | Night |
|---|---|---|
| Photoperiod | 16:00 h | 8:00 h |
| Temperature | 23 °C | 18 °C |
| Relative Humidity | 70% | 70% |
| CO2 | 400 ppm – 1000 ppm | 1000 ppm |
| Light | ~ 400 μmol · m−2 · s−1HPLED | N/A |
U_ lactuca qualitative analysis_
| Chemical class | Compounds |
|---|---|
| Alkaloids | Vincadifformin |
| Quinines | |
| Terpenoids | Neophytadiene |
| Phytol | |
| Lactaropallidin | |
| Flavonoids | Lucenin 2 |
| Quercetin 7.3′,4′-Trimethoxy | |
| Steroids | Digitoxigenin |
| Fatty acids | 5-Octadecenal |
| Erucic Acid | |
| 9-Octadecenoic acid | |
| 1-Tricosanol | |
| n-Hexadecanoic acid | |
| Myristate Isopropyl | |
| Phenols | Uncharacterized |