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Space Flight Cultivation for Radish (Raphanus sativus) in the Advanced Plant Habitat Cover

Space Flight Cultivation for Radish (Raphanus sativus) in the Advanced Plant Habitat

Gravitational and Space Research
Volume 9 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)
By: Susan John,  Farid Abou-Issa and  Karl H. Hasenstein  
Open Access
|Aug 2021

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Cross sectional view of a packed SC. Not shown are porous tubes and moisture sensors embedded in the arcillite. The orthopedic foam was used to secure (slightly compress) the arcillite to prevent shifting during manipulations and eventual launch vibrations. SC, science carrier.
Cross sectional view of a packed SC. Not shown are porous tubes and moisture sensors embedded in the arcillite. The orthopedic foam was used to secure (slightly compress) the arcillite to prevent shifting during manipulations and eventual launch vibrations. SC, science carrier.

Figure 2

The SC quadrants with two five and nine planting positions (A). The individual planting positions show gauze covering OASIS (floral) foam. Darkening of the gauze is useful for assessing proper water dispensation into each quadrant (B). SC, science carrier.
The SC quadrants with two five and nine planting positions (A). The individual planting positions show gauze covering OASIS (floral) foam. Darkening of the gauze is useful for assessing proper water dispensation into each quadrant (B). SC, science carrier.

Figure 3

ICP-OES measurements of raw arcillite (no added fertilizer) after extraction with HCL (pH 3) and with 10 mM Tris/HCL buffer (pH 6). Large quantities are released under acid conditions but absent in at pH 6. Soluble ions were less than 1/10 of the acid extract.
ICP-OES measurements of raw arcillite (no added fertilizer) after extraction with HCL (pH 3) and with 10 mM Tris/HCL buffer (pH 6). Large quantities are released under acid conditions but absent in at pH 6. Soluble ions were less than 1/10 of the acid extract.

Figure 4

Mineral availability of arcillite infused with MS medium (un-used) and after the first and second growth cycles of radishes. MS, Murashige-Skoog.
Mineral availability of arcillite infused with MS medium (un-used) and after the first and second growth cycles of radishes. MS, Murashige-Skoog.

Figure 5

Radish seedlings grown on the SC quadrant with lid containing slits and lined with “Capillary Matting “Cap-Mat” (A). The Cap-Mat resulted in restricted radish bulb development (B). SC, science carrier.
Radish seedlings grown on the SC quadrant with lid containing slits and lined with “Capillary Matting “Cap-Mat” (A). The Cap-Mat resulted in restricted radish bulb development (B). SC, science carrier.

Figure 6

The bi-phasic water consumption of radishes cultivated in arcillite. The average of three representative experiments with five plants each growing in the same volume as a SC quadrant (dashed line). The water loss experienced by the plants and substrate remains constant during the first 10 days (red line); then plant-based enhanced transpiration increases (blue line). The dotted line approximates water consumption as a binomial function. SC, science carrier.
The bi-phasic water consumption of radishes cultivated in arcillite. The average of three representative experiments with five plants each growing in the same volume as a SC quadrant (dashed line). The water loss experienced by the plants and substrate remains constant during the first 10 days (red line); then plant-based enhanced transpiration increases (blue line). The dotted line approximates water consumption as a binomial function. SC, science carrier.

Figure 7

Moisture readings from the EVT, (A) and a second EVT (B). The tracings show higher moisture readings for the lower sensors in all four quadrants. The more uniform tracings in (B) indicate better hardware performance than in (A). However, greater water demand toward the end of the culture time shows larger fluctuations, especially in (A). A strong drop in moisture readings especially for the lower sensors indicated plant water stress. The legend applies to A and B and describes the measurements of the moisture sensors in the SC quadrants 1 to 4 (Q) of the upper (up) and lower (low) sensor, respectively. EVT, experimental verification test; SC, science carrier.
Moisture readings from the EVT, (A) and a second EVT (B). The tracings show higher moisture readings for the lower sensors in all four quadrants. The more uniform tracings in (B) indicate better hardware performance than in (A). However, greater water demand toward the end of the culture time shows larger fluctuations, especially in (A). A strong drop in moisture readings especially for the lower sensors indicated plant water stress. The legend applies to A and B and describes the measurements of the moisture sensors in the SC quadrants 1 to 4 (Q) of the upper (up) and lower (low) sensor, respectively. EVT, experimental verification test; SC, science carrier.

Figure 8

Mineral (A) and nitrogen contents (B) from radish leaves and bulbs. Importantly, the higher mineral and nitrogen content of leaves than bulbs suggest that leaves be used as food source. The average nitrogen content (dashed lines in B) is about twice as high in leaves than in bulbs.
Mineral (A) and nitrogen contents (B) from radish leaves and bulbs. Importantly, the higher mineral and nitrogen content of leaves than bulbs suggest that leaves be used as food source. The average nitrogen content (dashed lines in B) is about twice as high in leaves than in bulbs.

Seed sanitation* and percentage of germination of Raphanus sativus var_ “Cherry Belle” after 1 day and 3 days_

Treatment1 day3 daysNone
Bleach (10 min), EtOH (5 min)33%0%67%
Bleach (7 min), +24 h, EtOH (3 min)43%0%57%
Bleach (7 min), +48 h, EtOH (3 min)43%40%17%
Bleach (5 min)100%0%0%
Bleach (7 min)100%0%0%
Bleach (10 min)93%0%7%
EtOH (10 s)87%0%13%
EtOH (30 s)97%3%0%
EtOH (1 min)93%7%0%
EtOH (3 min)90%7%3%
EtOH (5 min)83%7%10%
Bleach, (5 min) and EtOH (1 min)91%8%0%
EtOH (1 min) and Bleach (5 min)93%3%3%

MS medium with* and without chloride (MS-Cl)_

Componentsmg/L mM
MS*MS-ClIonMSMS-Cl
Ammonium nitrate16501450NH420.614718.1170
NO339.408039.8741
Boric acid6.26.2B0.10030.1003
Calcium chloride anhydrous332.2–Ca2.99332.9648
Ca(NO3)2 × 4H2O–700K20.047420.0474
Cobalt sulfate × 7H2O–0.028Co0.00010.0001
Cupric sulfate × 5H2O0.0250.025Cu0.00010.0001
Na2-EDTA37.2637.26Na0.20020.2002
Ferrous sulfate × 7H2O27.827.8Fe0.10000.1000
Magnesium sulfate anhydrous180.7180.7Mg1.50121.5012
Manganese sulfate × H2O16.916.9Mn0.10000.1000
Molybdic acid (NH4 salt) × 4H2O–1.25Mo0.00100.0010
Potassium iodide0.830.83I0.00500.0050
Potassium nitrate19001900P1.24911.2491
Potassium phosphate monobasic170170Zn0.02990.0299
Zinc sulfate × 7H2O8.68.6SO41.73121.7313
Cl−2.99340.0000
Grams of salts to prepare 1 L4.34.5

Mineral content of radish leaves and storage tissue (bulbs) in mg/g fresh weight ± SD_ The numbers in brackets indicate the number of plants per SC quadrant for the respective tissue_

AlKMgCaFeNaSiP
Bulb [5]1.07±0.01295.6±8.723.4±0.318.8±0.20.66±0.0717.0±0.61.02±0.0415.6±0.4
Leaves [5]1.05±0.01460.4±12169.5±4.6149.6±3.30.94±0.0221.9±0.62.38±0.0523.2±0.5
Bulb [9]0.97±0.01295.4±7.330.3±0.418.9±0.30.32±0.0313.6±0.40.73±0.0311.7±0.3
Leaves [9]1.04±0.01336.7±7.8182.2±4.2168.4±3.70.65±0.0218.8±0.52.04±0.0517.8±0.4

Tests of germination rate and percentage of different varieties of Raphanus sativus from sources (1 and 2) shown below_

Germination
Fast (1 day)Slow (3 days)None
Organic Sparkler White top Radish123%23%53%
Organic Purple Plum Radish157%0%43%
Organic German Giant Radish163%10%27%
Organic Champion Radish197%0%3%
Cherry Belle Radish197%0%3%
Roxanne F1 Hybrid Round Radish270%13%17%
Sora OG, Round Radish287%7%7%
Rudolph OG, Round Radish267%23%10%
Rover F1, Hybrid Round Radish290%10%0%

Biomass and leaf area per SC quadrant containing five or nine radish plants (averages ± SE)_

Total Mass, gRadish, gLeaf, gLeaf area, cm2
N = 523.4±4.612.5±2.313.9±1.5271.3±28.3
N = 912.5±3.15.8±2.07.4±1.3135.9±22.0

Lighting schedules used in different ground control tests and the resultant radish biomass*_

ExperimentWhite [4100 K]Blue [455 nm]Green [530 nm]Red [627 nm]Far Red [735 nm]Avg. Radish mass, g
SVT (5/16/19–6/13/19)49007022009.1
ΔSVT (10/3/19–10/30/19)49007022009.8
EVT (11/20/19–12/16/19)4603050220204.4
ΔEVT (5/26/20–6/22/20)3353106020013.9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2021-0010 | Journal eISSN: 2332-7774
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Language: English
Page range: 121 - 132
Published on: Aug 23, 2021
Published by: American Society for Gravitational and Space Research
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
Advanced Plant Habitat,
Arcillite, Red and Blue light,
Raphanus sativus,
Science Carrier
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other,
Materials sciences,
Materials sciences, other,
Physics,
Physics, other

© 2021 Susan John, Farid Abou-Issa, Karl H. Hasenstein, published by American Society for Gravitational and Space Research
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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