The Adhesive Response of Regolith to Low-Energy Disturbances in Microgravity

Jarmak, Stephanie; Colwell, Joshua; Dove, Adrienne; Brisset, Julie

The Adhesive Response of Regolith to Low-Energy Disturbances in Microgravity

Gravitational and Space Research

Volume 9 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)

By: Stephanie Jarmak, Joshua Colwell, Adrienne Dove and Julie Brisset

Open Access

|Jan 2021

Figures & Tables

Still frames of a 10-g quartz impactor (left) contacting quartz sand at an impact speed of 23 cm/s and (right) rebounding with observable mass transfer.

Still frame of 10-g quartz sand coated impactor (left) contacting Orgueil at an impact speed of 52 cm/s and (right) rebounding with observable mass transfer.

Example of a PRIME-3 experiment that resulted in the mass transfer of quartz sand onto a 31-g steel marble.

1-g granular impact experiment spring pendulum apparatus.

Open-air drop tower experiment apparatus.

Still frame of 31-g steel projectile with observable mass transfer from quartz sand. Contrast enhanced for mass transfer visibility.

Vacuum drop tower apparatus. The chamber is detached from a vacuum pump shortly before an experiment is performed, and a Swagelok quick-disconnect fitting maintains the vacuum inside the tube for the duration of the experiment.

From left to right: Example of no mass transfer (monolayer), low mass transfer, medium mass transfer, and high mass transfer.

Observations of mass transfer from regolith onto cm-size marbles in various flight experiments.

Mass transfer outcome vs. projectile impact velocity for flight experiments.

Mass transfer outcome vs. rebound acceleration for flight experiments.

Observations of mass transfer from regolith onto cm-size marble in an open-air, free-fall environment.

Observations of mass transfer from regolith onto cm-size marble in a free-fall, vacuum environment.

Mass transfer outcome vs. rebound acceleration for our open-air and vacuum drop tower experiments.

Mass transfer outcome vs. rebound acceleration for flight and drop tower data.

PRIME-4 experiment parameters_

Projectile			Regolith

Diameter (cm)	Mass	Material	Grain type	Grain size (μm)
1.9	10	Quartz	JSC-1	125–250250–500
1.9	10	Sand Coated Quartz	Orgueil	125–250

PRIME-3 experiment parameters_

Projectile			Regolith

Diameter (cm)	Mass (g)	Material	Grain type	Grain size (μm)
1.9	10	Quartz	JSC-1	125–250
1.9	31	Steel	Quartz Sand	75–250

Experiment parameters yielding mass transfer for the flight experiments_

Regolith (μm)	Marble mass	Impact velocity (cm/s)	Rebound acceleration (m/s²)	Mass transfer
Orgueil (125–250)	10	16.2	0.16	Low
JSC (125–250)	10	27.8	0.31	Low
Orgueil (125–250)	10	34.8	0.96	Low
Orgueil (125–250)	10	51.8	5.40	Low
Quartz (75–250)	10	23.2	0.004	Medium
JSC (125–250)	31	29.6	0.07	Medium
JSC (125–250)	31	14.9	0.08	Medium
JSC (125–250)	31	4.1	0.09	Medium
JSC (125–250)	10	4.1	0.09	Medium
Quartz (75–250)	10	37.1	0.03	High
Quartz (75–250)	10	38.5	0.03	High
Orgueil (125–250)	10	31.8	0.11	High
Orgueil (125–250)	10	26.6	0.16	High
Quartz (75–250)	31	14.1	0.38	High

Experiment parameters for experiments yielding mass transfer (MTO = “low”) for open-air drop tower experiments_

Regolith (μm)	Marble mass	Rebound acceleration (m/s²)
Quartz (75–250)	31	3.7
Quartz (75–250)	31	4.5
JSC (250–500)	31	4.9
JSC (250–500)	31	5.1
Quartz (75–250)	31	5.5
JSC (250–500)	31	5.5
JSC (250–500)	31	5.6
Quartz (75–250)	31	5.8
Quartz (75–250)	31	5.8
Orgueil (125–250)	31	6.5
JSC (250–500)	31	6.6
JSC (250–500)	31	6.8
JSC (250–500)	31	7.4
JSC (125–250)	31	7.6
JSC (125–250)	31	7.7
Quartz (75–250)	31	7.8

COLLIDE-3 experiment parameters_

Projectile			Regolith

Diameter (cm)	Mass	Material	Grain type	Grain size (μm)
1.9	10	Quartz	Quartz Sand	<250

Vacuum drop tower experiment parameters_

Projectile			Regolith

Diameter (cm)	Mass (g)	Material	Grain type	Grain size (μm)
1.9	10	Quartz	Quartz Sand	75–250250–500
1.9	31	Steel	JSC-1	125–250
2.54	20
	67			250–500
3.81	226		Orgueil	125–250

Open-air drop tower experiment parameters_

Projectile			Regolith

Diameter (cm)	Mass (g)	Material	Grain type	Grain size (μm)
1.9	10	Quartz	Quartz SandJSC-1	75–250125–250
	31	Steel		250–500
	31	Steel	Orgueil	125–250

Tabletop experiment parameters_

Spring pendulum parameters			Regolith parameters

Mass (g)	Spring constant (N/m)	Spring length (m)	Grain type	Grain size (μm)
31	3.5	0.27	Quartz Sand	75–250200–500
31	3.5	0.27	JSC-1	<7575–100125–250

Experiment parameters yielding mass transfer for our vacuum drop tower experiments_

Regolith (μm)	Marble mass	Rebound acceleration (m/s²)	MTO
JSC (250–500)	67	0.89	Medium
JSC (250–500)	67	3.8	Medium
Orgueil (125–250)	226	0.84	Low
JSC (125–250)	226	1.2	Low
JSC (125–250)	226	1.3	Low
Orgueil (125–250)	226	1.3	Low
Orgueil (125–250)	226	1.3	Low
Quartz (250–500)	67	1.5	Low
JSC (125–250)	226	1.7	Low
JSC (125–250)	226	1.8	Low
JSC (125–250)	226	2.2	Low
Quartz (250–500)	67	2.7	Low
Quartz (250–500)	67	2.9	Low
Quartz (75–250)	31	3.0	Low
Quartz (75–250)	31	3.1	Low
Orgueil (125–250)	67	3.2	Low
Orgueil (125–250)	67	3.2	Low
Quartz (75–250)	31	3.2	Low
Orgueil (125–250)	67	3.5	Low
JSC (250–500)	67	3.8	Low
Orgueil (125–250)	67	3.9	Low
Quartz (75–250)	10	4.3	Low
JSC (250–500)	31	4.3	Low
Quartz (75–250)	31	4.8	Low
Quartz (75–250)	31	5.1	Low
Orgueil (125–250)	31	5.2	Low
JSC (125–250)	31	5.3	Low
Orgueil (125–250)	31	5.4	Low
Quartz (75–250)	31	5.5	Low
Quartz (75–250)	10	5.6	Low
Orgueil (125–250)	31	5.9	Low
Quartz (75–250)	10	6.2	Low
Orgueil (125–250)	31	7.0	Low

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2021-0001 | Journal eISSN: 2332-7774

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Language: English

Page range: 1 - 12

Published on: Jan 29, 2021

Published by: American Society for Gravitational and Space Research

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

Keywords:

Impact,

Related subjects:

Life sciences, other,

Materials sciences,

Materials sciences, other,

Physics,

Physics, other

© 2021 Stephanie Jarmak, Joshua Colwell, Adrienne Dove, Julie Brisset, published by American Society for Gravitational and Space Research
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 9 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)Next article

The Adhesive Response of Regolith to Low-Energy Disturbances in Microgravity

Figures & Tables

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PRIME-4 experiment parameters_

PRIME-3 experiment parameters_

Experiment parameters yielding mass transfer for the flight experiments_

Experiment parameters for experiments yielding mass transfer (MTO = “low”) for open-air drop tower experiments_

COLLIDE-3 experiment parameters_

Vacuum drop tower experiment parameters_

Open-air drop tower experiment parameters_

Tabletop experiment parameters_

Experiment parameters yielding mass transfer for our vacuum drop tower experiments_

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