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Omni-Gravity Nanophotonic Heating and Leidenfrost-Driven Water Recovery System Cover

Omni-Gravity Nanophotonic Heating and Leidenfrost-Driven Water Recovery System

Gravitational and Space Research
Volume 8 (2020): Issue 1 (May 2020)
By: Rawand M. Rasheed,  Evan A. Thomas,  Paul Gardner,  Tanya Rogers,  Rafael Verduzco and  Mark M. Weislogel  
Open Access
|Jul 2020

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Solid model of water recovery system with components labeled. The dimensions of the Leidenfrost Distiller and PPS are 24″×24″×4″ and 12″×8″×24″, respectively.
Solid model of water recovery system with components labeled. The dimensions of the Leidenfrost Distiller and PPS are 24″×24″×4″ and 12″×8″×24″, respectively.

Figure 2

Block diagram of the model in Figure 1.
Block diagram of the model in Figure 1.

Figure 3

Figure shows 17-Hz images of a pressure-driven ethanol jet producing 2.6-mm droplets at an average velocity of 22 cm/s from a 20-gauge needle injected into a 4.0 mm inner diameter, 63-mm-long glass U-tube.
Figure shows 17-Hz images of a pressure-driven ethanol jet producing 2.6-mm droplets at an average velocity of 22 cm/s from a 20-gauge needle injected into a 4.0 mm inner diameter, 63-mm-long glass U-tube.

Figure 4

(a) Schematic of the passive phase separator (PPS). Separation of liquid–gas streams in microgravity is achieved utilizing centrifugal forces to promote droplet collisions onto surfaces. Liquid is then wicked into and driven along the interior corners. (b) Aluminum vanes coated with carbon black nanoparticles for insertion into PPS (refer Figure 5).
(a) Schematic of the passive phase separator (PPS). Separation of liquid–gas streams in microgravity is achieved utilizing centrifugal forces to promote droplet collisions onto surfaces. Liquid is then wicked into and driven along the interior corners. (b) Aluminum vanes coated with carbon black nanoparticles for insertion into PPS (refer Figure 5).

Figure 5

(a) Solid model exploded view of PPS. Gray components are aluminum, yellow capillary vanes are carbon black-coated aluminum, and the red helical core is 3D printed PLA. (b) Solid model of the assembled PPS rotated 90°, with sketch of the flow path. The letters (l) and (a) denote liquid and air, respectively.
(a) Solid model exploded view of PPS. Gray components are aluminum, yellow capillary vanes are carbon black-coated aluminum, and the red helical core is 3D printed PLA. (b) Solid model of the assembled PPS rotated 90°, with sketch of the flow path. The letters (l) and (a) denote liquid and air, respectively.

Figure 6

A droplet of urine, 2.0 mm in radius, distilled on a 90° grooved SH plate held at 140°C. A wetting transition is observed between t = 100 and 103 s, where the droplet radius is reduced below 0.9 mm—an approximately 92% reduction in volume.
A droplet of urine, 2.0 mm in radius, distilled on a 90° grooved SH plate held at 140°C. A wetting transition is observed between t = 100 and 103 s, where the droplet radius is reduced below 0.9 mm—an approximately 92% reduction in volume.

Figure 7

A droplet rolling with linear velocity u on a heated tilted substrate exceeding the liquid's Leidenfrost point.
A droplet rolling with linear velocity u on a heated tilted substrate exceeding the liquid's Leidenfrost point.

Figure 8

(a) Isometric and (b) section view of the Leidenfrost distiller.
(a) Isometric and (b) section view of the Leidenfrost distiller.

Figure 9

Final water recovery system build with thermal insulation removed.
Final water recovery system build with thermal insulation removed.

Figure 10

Thermal images from (a) baseline carbon black nanoparticle–aluminum-coated fin at room temperature and (b) exposed to 940-nm IR LED strips with density of 60 LEDs/m. (c) Aluminum vane coated with activated carbon CEP21k-H2O solution with 20 wt% of 15-nm gold nanoparticle constituent added and exposed to 940-nm IR LED strips with density of 60 LEDs/m. Temperatures in Fahrenheit.
Thermal images from (a) baseline carbon black nanoparticle–aluminum-coated fin at room temperature and (b) exposed to 940-nm IR LED strips with density of 60 LEDs/m. (c) Aluminum vane coated with activated carbon CEP21k-H2O solution with 20 wt% of 15-nm gold nanoparticle constituent added and exposed to 940-nm IR LED strips with density of 60 LEDs/m. Temperatures in Fahrenheit.

Figure 11

Top view of the Leidenfrost distiller operating at 230°C with droplets of 40 mS saltwater flowing through the distiller.
Top view of the Leidenfrost distiller operating at 230°C with droplets of 40 mS saltwater flowing through the distiller.

Figure 12

(a) Percent distillate outlet from distiller. (b) Saltwater droplet evaporation rates in distiller at 230°C and 310°C.
(a) Percent distillate outlet from distiller. (b) Saltwater droplet evaporation rates in distiller at 230°C and 310°C.

Figure 13

Salinity of the influent saltwater, effluent distillate, and effluent brine at various intervals during Leidenfrost distiller testing.
Salinity of the influent saltwater, effluent distillate, and effluent brine at various intervals during Leidenfrost distiller testing.

Mass, power, volume, and ESM for ISS WRS and Nanophotonic Heating and Leidenfrost-Driven WRS_

ParametersISS WRSNanophotonic Heating and Leidenfrost-Driven WRS
Mass (kg)1380245
Power (W)560650
Volume (m3)3.140.5
ESM (kg)1506392

Sample values used to compute residence time_

Td (C)Ts (°C)To (°C)kv (W/mK)ρl (kg/m3)
1002302029.9E-3958.3
ρv (kg/m3)μv (Pa-s)cp (J/kgK)hfg (J/kg)k (m/s)
0.491.15E-541822256E33.18E-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2020-0004 | Journal eISSN: 2332-7774
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Language: English
Page range: 31 - 44
Published on: Jul 14, 2020
Published by: American Society for Gravitational and Space Research
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
Leidenfrost,
Superhydrophobic,
Life support,
Urine water recovery,
Omni-gravity,
Noncontact distillation
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other,
Materials sciences,
Materials sciences, other,
Physics,
Physics, other

© 2020 Rawand M. Rasheed, Evan A. Thomas, Paul Gardner, Tanya Rogers, Rafael Verduzco, Mark M. Weislogel, published by American Society for Gravitational and Space Research
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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