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Comparative Toxicity of Lunar, Martian Dust Simulants, and Urban Dust in Human Skin Fibroblast Cells Cover

Comparative Toxicity of Lunar, Martian Dust Simulants, and Urban Dust in Human Skin Fibroblast Cells

Gravitational and Space Research
Volume 3 (2015): Issue 1 (July 2015)
By: James T.F. Wise,  Hong Xie,  John Pierce Wise,  Michael Mason,  Antony Jeevarajan,  William Wallace and  John Pierce Wise  
Open Access
|Jul 2015

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Cytotoxicity of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 24 h Exposure. This figure shows lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust are cytotoxic to BJhTERT cells after a 24 hour exposure. The very fine lunar dust simulant and the Mars dust simulant were the most cytotoxic. For JSC-1A-f, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For JSC-1A-vf, concentrations of 25, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For Mars-1A, concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For urban dust, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). Data represent an average of three experiments ± standard error of mean.
Cytotoxicity of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 24 h Exposure. This figure shows lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust are cytotoxic to BJhTERT cells after a 24 hour exposure. The very fine lunar dust simulant and the Mars dust simulant were the most cytotoxic. For JSC-1A-f, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For JSC-1A-vf, concentrations of 25, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For Mars-1A, concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For urban dust, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). Data represent an average of three experiments ± standard error of mean.

Figure 2.

Cytotoxicity of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 120 h Exposure. This figure shows lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust are cytotoxic to BJhTERT cells after a 120 hour exposure. The very fine lunar dust simulant and the Mars dust simulant are the most cytotoxic. For JSC-1A-f, concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For JSC-1A-vf, concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.001). For Mars-1A, concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p< .05). For urban dust, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). Data represent an average of three experiments ± standard error of mean.
Cytotoxicity of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 120 h Exposure. This figure shows lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust are cytotoxic to BJhTERT cells after a 120 hour exposure. The very fine lunar dust simulant and the Mars dust simulant are the most cytotoxic. For JSC-1A-f, concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). For JSC-1A-vf, concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.001). For Mars-1A, concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p< .05). For urban dust, concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/cm2 are statistically different from control (p<0.05). Data represent an average of three experiments ± standard error of mean.

Figure 3.

Chromosome Damage of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 120 h Exposure. This figure shows that lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust do not significantly increase chromosome damage after a 120 hour exposure. Data represent an average of 3 experiments ± standard error of mean. Panel (A) shows the percent of metaphases with damage. Panel (B) shows the total chromosome damage in 100 metaphases. * Indicates no metaphases (50 and 100 μg/cm2 for JSC-1A-vf and 100 μg/cm2 for Mars-1A).
Chromosome Damage of the Four Dusts to Human Skin Fibroblasts after 120 h Exposure. This figure shows that lunar dust simulants, Mars dust simulant, and urban dust do not significantly increase chromosome damage after a 120 hour exposure. Data represent an average of 3 experiments ± standard error of mean. Panel (A) shows the percent of metaphases with damage. Panel (B) shows the total chromosome damage in 100 metaphases. * Indicates no metaphases (50 and 100 μg/cm2 for JSC-1A-vf and 100 μg/cm2 for Mars-1A).

Mass median diameters (MMD) of the lunar and Martian dust simulants and urban dust as determined by dynamic light scattering_

ChemicalMMD (µm)
JSC-1A-f1.470
JSC-1A-vf0.726
Urban dust0.169
Mars-1A0.133
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2015-0005 | Journal eISSN: 2332-7774
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Language: English
Page range: 51 - 58
Published on: Jul 1, 2015
Published by: American Society for Gravitational and Space Research
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
Lunar Dust,
Mars Dust,
Dust Simulant,
Cytotoxicity,
Genotoxicity,
Skin Cells,
Extraterrestrial Dust,
Space Dust,
Human Cells
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other,
Materials sciences,
Materials sciences, other,
Physics,
Physics, other

© 2015 James T.F. Wise, Hong Xie, John Pierce Wise, Michael Mason, Antony Jeevarajan, William Wallace, John Pierce Wise, published by American Society for Gravitational and Space Research
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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