Figure 1.

Figure 2.
![Current study [BLa] over time. Error bars denote sem values.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471e1bc215d2f6c89db3ebe/j_gsr-2014-0009_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKE2GROF66%2F20260318%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260318T125653Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEDcaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIGRNgOA3PfTGPKrXQynz5CcIL9afjHQQY2L%2BL2cS9gJRAiEAqNOxZCJ6Y6RtTpCGwz12yVTIL7avFvfhy2mwePQZJxkqvQUIABACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDFAw2SfRZGuKVDtgCCqaBbrUZqBIeNGO1%2FsJvxRhqZHr8r8eVndTQQt%2Facj1LCQLdFE3gOM6C%2BamRSXFDrMLwwpTV9jZrSTnbEo45lMS0A3NrTmL3N0xdzZEnc81cBWmulNkefdQvggZHQpwNN7Ld9mOXwPNL%2B3fXpb%2B9fTRKnmBDnvy0qpSnTILUmBl7oIXa%2FEKbXDBU4%2FbXtKF5qQDcAMbBhefWHcntDG1Lrn1JkKSksvtZuwnfAgHXE1QeVGmN3sTkd6Juee782Q5C1IwE6%2FqoImQVuO4Ia20Y3oEQQek7tHh4XCRPCGrNMdyuP6Yb6lQu2I8PjlB4fWznWK%2BxMaosQqRbxpzOMbgYEhMea0Ml7g8K%2FgP7EQaU33ghm%2BY3mGcUBdJXdVCBqS1Au5ROsoyEbR8PwKrwT2nYNqwHzysWm8yHZ5g4hPQmO8i%2BP0nM9ZQxiBn72x%2FKpviwDSr0Z58DXdnsMasB7IFvkC6%2F9Qph3i4EnzWWISMKy2vj4GA%2BEUzMmemyXEh8uiorBOnQXkMOte4%2BRtMbZ9fw2eBEaG7E1NIjiZHyqNAih0OBq%2FBstDhjQ%2BZYn2BC%2F750jiYcJhZkg9u00Vu2Ts3%2FJqm%2FrHVf%2FXQsdLXD7J4FiEwMNTz7GVVRfwfQGnqr8A09Z%2BYWcY23%2BrCCCwBTApqTbnAz4SLm5OXm%2BQ8irVm%2BfN6joYvrSErmh9f2N%2BwKZkNUyf%2BVwzmkfL3qTEFZTDvIhH4WVgp1b3QTDAVJS3pMplNB2L5C%2FvPHGNXbSsPRnlRhCia5Vji%2F6EvFy67Ro0higOldRWWU2Re%2BX%2B00i9vo%2Bk5eI%2FGlwfNrSTytoTt0cKE483gIjqwMchUC8Num%2B5Mgc9yAFedueKgJ7y9EbeX%2BeBJGZ1sCseRvFG0%2BX9hQzCBo%2BnNBjqxAfNzeN19Hwe1FJpn5nok%2BkxlGifui6yvhD6u%2BPucfIdaSlWIMnKRocwIlyz4L7LTzg9DzGOCvKqbhFemWPzQ0OW8kJRHyR3ZCya%2BQjC1hQbcdW%2BfBUeNp87GRpRZCUw8U93TInVCUZNMyHWkXB3FFeZUS%2BXd5XI1vSubf5NoMBzEgGUBbztlNoyl2UZdYmY4gEpB04SEnWhRs8VF53mS%2B7DPA%2BBULK6HRA9vk67TWzCMVA%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=972567369cccb48c4c3711d68998401f9a3bd4d35ac1bad1125ce48477fd6295&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3.
![[T] (mean ± sem, in pg · ml-1).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471e1bc215d2f6c89db3ebe/j_gsr-2014-0009_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKE2GROF66%2F20260318%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260318T125653Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEDcaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIGRNgOA3PfTGPKrXQynz5CcIL9afjHQQY2L%2BL2cS9gJRAiEAqNOxZCJ6Y6RtTpCGwz12yVTIL7avFvfhy2mwePQZJxkqvQUIABACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDFAw2SfRZGuKVDtgCCqaBbrUZqBIeNGO1%2FsJvxRhqZHr8r8eVndTQQt%2Facj1LCQLdFE3gOM6C%2BamRSXFDrMLwwpTV9jZrSTnbEo45lMS0A3NrTmL3N0xdzZEnc81cBWmulNkefdQvggZHQpwNN7Ld9mOXwPNL%2B3fXpb%2B9fTRKnmBDnvy0qpSnTILUmBl7oIXa%2FEKbXDBU4%2FbXtKF5qQDcAMbBhefWHcntDG1Lrn1JkKSksvtZuwnfAgHXE1QeVGmN3sTkd6Juee782Q5C1IwE6%2FqoImQVuO4Ia20Y3oEQQek7tHh4XCRPCGrNMdyuP6Yb6lQu2I8PjlB4fWznWK%2BxMaosQqRbxpzOMbgYEhMea0Ml7g8K%2FgP7EQaU33ghm%2BY3mGcUBdJXdVCBqS1Au5ROsoyEbR8PwKrwT2nYNqwHzysWm8yHZ5g4hPQmO8i%2BP0nM9ZQxiBn72x%2FKpviwDSr0Z58DXdnsMasB7IFvkC6%2F9Qph3i4EnzWWISMKy2vj4GA%2BEUzMmemyXEh8uiorBOnQXkMOte4%2BRtMbZ9fw2eBEaG7E1NIjiZHyqNAih0OBq%2FBstDhjQ%2BZYn2BC%2F750jiYcJhZkg9u00Vu2Ts3%2FJqm%2FrHVf%2FXQsdLXD7J4FiEwMNTz7GVVRfwfQGnqr8A09Z%2BYWcY23%2BrCCCwBTApqTbnAz4SLm5OXm%2BQ8irVm%2BfN6joYvrSErmh9f2N%2BwKZkNUyf%2BVwzmkfL3qTEFZTDvIhH4WVgp1b3QTDAVJS3pMplNB2L5C%2FvPHGNXbSsPRnlRhCia5Vji%2F6EvFy67Ro0higOldRWWU2Re%2BX%2B00i9vo%2Bk5eI%2FGlwfNrSTytoTt0cKE483gIjqwMchUC8Num%2B5Mgc9yAFedueKgJ7y9EbeX%2BeBJGZ1sCseRvFG0%2BX9hQzCBo%2BnNBjqxAfNzeN19Hwe1FJpn5nok%2BkxlGifui6yvhD6u%2BPucfIdaSlWIMnKRocwIlyz4L7LTzg9DzGOCvKqbhFemWPzQ0OW8kJRHyR3ZCya%2BQjC1hQbcdW%2BfBUeNp87GRpRZCUw8U93TInVCUZNMyHWkXB3FFeZUS%2BXd5XI1vSubf5NoMBzEgGUBbztlNoyl2UZdYmY4gEpB04SEnWhRs8VF53mS%2B7DPA%2BBULK6HRA9vk67TWzCMVA%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=707cd4465ba4b681f620ff1c8582e93e57bf8624a63fc9571c78f1ce8b4a7056&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Work (mean ± sem, in joules) results_
| Concentric | Eccentric | Total (TW) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 | 5074 ± 275 | - | 5074 ± 275 |
| CE2 | 4935 ± 261 | 4893 ± 261 | 9846 ± 189* |
| CO4 | 9620 ± 410 | - | 9620 ± 410* |

![Current study [BLa] over time. Error bars denote sem values.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471e1bc215d2f6c89db3ebe/j_gsr-2014-0009_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKE2GROF66%2F20260318%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260318T125653Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEDcaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIGRNgOA3PfTGPKrXQynz5CcIL9afjHQQY2L%2BL2cS9gJRAiEAqNOxZCJ6Y6RtTpCGwz12yVTIL7avFvfhy2mwePQZJxkqvQUIABACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDFAw2SfRZGuKVDtgCCqaBbrUZqBIeNGO1%2FsJvxRhqZHr8r8eVndTQQt%2Facj1LCQLdFE3gOM6C%2BamRSXFDrMLwwpTV9jZrSTnbEo45lMS0A3NrTmL3N0xdzZEnc81cBWmulNkefdQvggZHQpwNN7Ld9mOXwPNL%2B3fXpb%2B9fTRKnmBDnvy0qpSnTILUmBl7oIXa%2FEKbXDBU4%2FbXtKF5qQDcAMbBhefWHcntDG1Lrn1JkKSksvtZuwnfAgHXE1QeVGmN3sTkd6Juee782Q5C1IwE6%2FqoImQVuO4Ia20Y3oEQQek7tHh4XCRPCGrNMdyuP6Yb6lQu2I8PjlB4fWznWK%2BxMaosQqRbxpzOMbgYEhMea0Ml7g8K%2FgP7EQaU33ghm%2BY3mGcUBdJXdVCBqS1Au5ROsoyEbR8PwKrwT2nYNqwHzysWm8yHZ5g4hPQmO8i%2BP0nM9ZQxiBn72x%2FKpviwDSr0Z58DXdnsMasB7IFvkC6%2F9Qph3i4EnzWWISMKy2vj4GA%2BEUzMmemyXEh8uiorBOnQXkMOte4%2BRtMbZ9fw2eBEaG7E1NIjiZHyqNAih0OBq%2FBstDhjQ%2BZYn2BC%2F750jiYcJhZkg9u00Vu2Ts3%2FJqm%2FrHVf%2FXQsdLXD7J4FiEwMNTz7GVVRfwfQGnqr8A09Z%2BYWcY23%2BrCCCwBTApqTbnAz4SLm5OXm%2BQ8irVm%2BfN6joYvrSErmh9f2N%2BwKZkNUyf%2BVwzmkfL3qTEFZTDvIhH4WVgp1b3QTDAVJS3pMplNB2L5C%2FvPHGNXbSsPRnlRhCia5Vji%2F6EvFy67Ro0higOldRWWU2Re%2BX%2B00i9vo%2Bk5eI%2FGlwfNrSTytoTt0cKE483gIjqwMchUC8Num%2B5Mgc9yAFedueKgJ7y9EbeX%2BeBJGZ1sCseRvFG0%2BX9hQzCBo%2BnNBjqxAfNzeN19Hwe1FJpn5nok%2BkxlGifui6yvhD6u%2BPucfIdaSlWIMnKRocwIlyz4L7LTzg9DzGOCvKqbhFemWPzQ0OW8kJRHyR3ZCya%2BQjC1hQbcdW%2BfBUeNp87GRpRZCUw8U93TInVCUZNMyHWkXB3FFeZUS%2BXd5XI1vSubf5NoMBzEgGUBbztlNoyl2UZdYmY4gEpB04SEnWhRs8VF53mS%2B7DPA%2BBULK6HRA9vk67TWzCMVA%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=972567369cccb48c4c3711d68998401f9a3bd4d35ac1bad1125ce48477fd6295&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
![[T] (mean ± sem, in pg · ml-1).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471e1bc215d2f6c89db3ebe/j_gsr-2014-0009_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKE2GROF66%2F20260318%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260318T125653Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEDcaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIGRNgOA3PfTGPKrXQynz5CcIL9afjHQQY2L%2BL2cS9gJRAiEAqNOxZCJ6Y6RtTpCGwz12yVTIL7avFvfhy2mwePQZJxkqvQUIABACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDFAw2SfRZGuKVDtgCCqaBbrUZqBIeNGO1%2FsJvxRhqZHr8r8eVndTQQt%2Facj1LCQLdFE3gOM6C%2BamRSXFDrMLwwpTV9jZrSTnbEo45lMS0A3NrTmL3N0xdzZEnc81cBWmulNkefdQvggZHQpwNN7Ld9mOXwPNL%2B3fXpb%2B9fTRKnmBDnvy0qpSnTILUmBl7oIXa%2FEKbXDBU4%2FbXtKF5qQDcAMbBhefWHcntDG1Lrn1JkKSksvtZuwnfAgHXE1QeVGmN3sTkd6Juee782Q5C1IwE6%2FqoImQVuO4Ia20Y3oEQQek7tHh4XCRPCGrNMdyuP6Yb6lQu2I8PjlB4fWznWK%2BxMaosQqRbxpzOMbgYEhMea0Ml7g8K%2FgP7EQaU33ghm%2BY3mGcUBdJXdVCBqS1Au5ROsoyEbR8PwKrwT2nYNqwHzysWm8yHZ5g4hPQmO8i%2BP0nM9ZQxiBn72x%2FKpviwDSr0Z58DXdnsMasB7IFvkC6%2F9Qph3i4EnzWWISMKy2vj4GA%2BEUzMmemyXEh8uiorBOnQXkMOte4%2BRtMbZ9fw2eBEaG7E1NIjiZHyqNAih0OBq%2FBstDhjQ%2BZYn2BC%2F750jiYcJhZkg9u00Vu2Ts3%2FJqm%2FrHVf%2FXQsdLXD7J4FiEwMNTz7GVVRfwfQGnqr8A09Z%2BYWcY23%2BrCCCwBTApqTbnAz4SLm5OXm%2BQ8irVm%2BfN6joYvrSErmh9f2N%2BwKZkNUyf%2BVwzmkfL3qTEFZTDvIhH4WVgp1b3QTDAVJS3pMplNB2L5C%2FvPHGNXbSsPRnlRhCia5Vji%2F6EvFy67Ro0higOldRWWU2Re%2BX%2B00i9vo%2Bk5eI%2FGlwfNrSTytoTt0cKE483gIjqwMchUC8Num%2B5Mgc9yAFedueKgJ7y9EbeX%2BeBJGZ1sCseRvFG0%2BX9hQzCBo%2BnNBjqxAfNzeN19Hwe1FJpn5nok%2BkxlGifui6yvhD6u%2BPucfIdaSlWIMnKRocwIlyz4L7LTzg9DzGOCvKqbhFemWPzQ0OW8kJRHyR3ZCya%2BQjC1hQbcdW%2BfBUeNp87GRpRZCUw8U93TInVCUZNMyHWkXB3FFeZUS%2BXd5XI1vSubf5NoMBzEgGUBbztlNoyl2UZdYmY4gEpB04SEnWhRs8VF53mS%2B7DPA%2BBULK6HRA9vk67TWzCMVA%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=707cd4465ba4b681f620ff1c8582e93e57bf8624a63fc9571c78f1ce8b4a7056&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
| Concentric | Eccentric | Total (TW) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 | 5074 ± 275 | - | 5074 ± 275 |
| CE2 | 4935 ± 261 | 4893 ± 261 | 9846 ± 189* |
| CO4 | 9620 ± 410 | - | 9620 ± 410* |
© 2022 John F. Caruso, Melissa A. Urquhart, Rachel M. Giebel, Amanda G. Barbosa, Christy E. Craig, Melissa L. Mason, Kayla D. Unruh, Jake A. Borgsmiller, William T. Potter, published by American Society for Gravitational and Space Research
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.