The Effects of Gamma and Proton Radiation Exposure on Hematopoietic Cell Counts in the Ferret Model

Sanzari, Jenine K.; Wan, X. Steven; Krigsfeld, Gabriel S.; Wroe, Andrew J.; Gridley, Daila S.; Kennedy, Ann R.

The Effects of Gamma and Proton Radiation Exposure on Hematopoietic Cell Counts in the Ferret Model

Gravitational and Space Research

Volume 1 (2013): Issue 1 (July 2013)

By:

Jenine K. Sanzari, X. Steven Wan, Gabriel S. Krigsfeld, Andrew J. Wroe, Daila S. Gridley and Ann R. Kennedy

Open Access

|Jul 2013

Figures & Tables

Variance analysis of white blood cell (WBC) results. Variance analysis was performed to determine which experimental factor(s) significantly affected the WBC counts in the animals 3 hours after irradiation (A) or 48 hours after radiation exposure (B). Radiation type (γ-rays vs. protons) did not significantly affect the overall WBC counts after radiation exposure whereas the dose rate did have an effect at 3 hour post-exposure, and total dose also contributed significantly to WBC count changes in the irradiated animals at both 3 hours and 48 hours after exposure. Note: the x-axes labels are included at the top of each panel, i.e., Radiation, Dose Rate, or Dose.

Dose-response curves for WBC in animals after irradiation. The WBC count results obtained 3 hours after irradiation at HDR (A) or LDR (B) or 48 hours after irradiation at HDR (C) or LDR (D) were determined by a non-linear regression analysis using a linear quadratic model. Statistically significant dose responses were observed for HDR and LDR γ-rays and protons at both time points except for LDR protons at 3 hours after irradiation.

Variance analysis of neutrophil results. Variance analysis was performed to determine which experimental factor(s) significantly affected the neutrophil count in animals 3 hours after irradiation (A) or 48 hours after radiation exposure (B). Radiation type (γ-rays vs. protons) did not significantly affect the overall neutrophil counts after radiation exposure whereas the dose rate did have an effect at 3 hour post-exposure, but not 48 hours post-exposure. Lastly, the total dose did contribute significantly to neutrophil count changes in the irradiated animals at both 3 hours and 48 hours after exposure. Note: the x-axes labels are included at the top of each panel, i.e., Radiation, Dose Rate, or Dose.

Dose-response curves for neutrophils in animals after irradiation. The neutrophil count results obtained 48 hours after irradiation at HDR (A) or LDR (B) were analyzed by a non-linear regression analysis using a linear quadratic model. Statistically significant dose responses were observed for HDR and LDR γ-rays and protons.

Variance analysis of lymphocyte results. Variance analysis was performed to determine which experimental factor(s) significantly affected the lymphocyte counts in irradiated animals 3 hours (A) or 48 hours (B) after exposure. Radiation type (γ-rays vs. protons) and dose rate did not significantly affect the overall lymphocyte count after radiation exposure, whereas the total dose contributed significantly to lymphocyte count changes in the irradiated animals. Note: the x-axes labels are included at the top of each panel, i.e., Radiation, Dose Rate, or Dose.

Dose-response curves for lymphocytes in animals after irradiation. The lymphocyte count results obtained from animals at 3 hours after irradiation at HDR (A) or LDR (B) or 48 hours after irradiation at HDR (C) or LDR (D) were analyzed by a non-linear regression analysis using a linear quadratic model. Statistically significant dose responses were observed for HDR and LDR γ-rays and protons at both time points. It should be noted that a common log scale is used for y-axis, which has visually exaggerated the deviation of the dose response curves from the actual data points at the high end of the radiation dose range.

Effective doses of γ-rays and protons to decrease blood cell count by 10% (ED10), 50% (ED50), and 90% (ED90)

Cell Type	Dose Rate	Time after Irradiation	Effective dose (and 95% CI) for γ-rays			Effective dose (and 95% CI) for protons
Cell Type	Dose Rate	Time after Irradiation	ED₁₀	ED₅₀	ED₉₀	ED₁₀	ED₅₀	ED₉₀
WBCs	High	3 hours	0.41(0.14 – 0.67)	1.87(0.66 – 3.10)	4.21(1.48 – 6.95)	0.32(0.18 – 0.46)	2.10(1.17 – 3.03)	6.96(3.87 – 10.06)
	Low	3 hours	0.91(0.09 – 1.75)	6.05(0.59 – 11.50)	20.09(1.97 – 38.21)	NM	NM	NM
	High	48 hours	0.13(0.09 – 0.17)	0.81(0.55 – 1.08)	2.50(1.70 – 3.30)	0.08(0.06 – 0.11)	0.55(0.37 – 0.72)	1.82(1.24 – 2.39)
	Low	48 hours	0.11(0.07 – 0.15)	0.72(0.47 – 0.96)	2.38(1.57 – 3.19)	0.13(0.09 – 0.18)	0.88(0.59 – 1.18)	2.93(1.94 – 3.91)
Neutrophils	High	48 hours	0.31(0.11 – 0.52)	2.04(0.71 – 3.37)	6.51(2.25 – 10.76)	0.18(0.08 – 0.28)	1.19(0.55 – 1.84)	3.95(1.81 – 6.10)
Neutrophils	Low	48 hours	0.27(0.09 – 0.45)	1.79(0.61 – 2.98)	5.96(2.01 – 9.90)	0.42(0.05 – 0.79)	2.12(0.26 – 3.98)	5.03(0.61 – 9.45)
Lymphocyte s	High	3 hours	0.05(0.03 – 0.07)	0.33(0.18 – 0.49)	1.11(0.60 – 1.63)	0.05(0.03 – 0.07)	0.32(0.17 – 0.48)	1.07(0.56 – 1.58)
	Low	3 hours	0.06(0.03 – 0.09)	0.41(0.21 – 0.61)	1.36(0.71 – 2.01)	0.06(0.03 – 0.10)	0.41(0.18 – 0.64)	1.35(0.59 – 2.11)
	High	48 hours	0.05(0.02 – 0.07)	0.33(0.16 – 0.49)	1.08(0.55 – 1.62)	0.08(0.01 – 0.15)	0.41(0.06 – 0.75)	0.98(0.15 – 1.80)
	Low	48 hours	0.06(0.03 – 0.09)	0.40(0.21 – 0.59)	1.33(0.69 – 1.96)	0.11(0.00 – 0.23)	0.54(0.00 – 1.11)	1.25(0.00 – 2.58)

Relationship between RBE and proton radiation dose for white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, lymphocytes_

Cell Type	Dose Rate	Time after Irradiation	0.75 Gy		1 Gy		2 Gy
Cell Type	Dose Rate	Time after Irradiation	RBE	95% CI	RBE	95% CI	RBE	95% CI
WBCs	High	3 hours	2.15	1.51 – 2.79	0.96	0.06 – 1.86	0.62	0.00^a – 1.52
	Low	3 hours	4.02	2.25 – 5.79	1.76	0.39 – 3.13	0.59	0.00^a – 1.56
	High	48 hours	1.60	1.42 – 1.77	1.59	1.34 – 1.84	1.04	0.79 – 1.29
	Low	48 hours	1.19	0.92 – 1.45	0.80	0.59 – 1.00	0.77	0.62 – 0.92
Neutrophils	High	48 hours	1.88	1.31 – 2.44	2.04	1.24 – 2.84	1.55	0.75 – 2.35
Neutrophils	Low	48 hours	2.11	1.32 – 2.91	0.62	0.00^a – 1.23	0.90	0.46 – 1.34
Lymphocytes	High	3 hours	1.10	0.99 – 1.21	1.00	0.84 – 1.15	0.67	0.52 – 0.83
	Low	3 hours	1.41	1.21 – 1.61	0.96	0.81 – 1.12	0.68	0.58 – 0.79
	High	48 hours	1.01	0.94 – 1.08	1.06	0.96 – 1.17	0.77	0.67 – 0.88
	Low	48 hours	0.83	0.67 – 1.00	0.99	0.86 – 1.11	0.84	0.74 – 0.93

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2013-0007 | Journal eISSN: 2332-7774

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Language: English

Page range: 79 - 94

Published on: Jul 1, 2013

Published by: American Society for Gravitational and Space Research

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

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Related subjects:

Life sciences, other,

Materials sciences,

Materials sciences, other,

Physics,

Physics, other

© 2013 Jenine K. Sanzari, X. Steven Wan, Gabriel S. Krigsfeld, Andrew J. Wroe, Daila S. Gridley, Ann R. Kennedy, published by American Society for Gravitational and Space Research
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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The Effects of Gamma and Proton Radiation Exposure on Hematopoietic Cell Counts in the Ferret Model

Figures & Tables

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Figure 6.

Effective doses of γ-rays and protons to decrease blood cell count by 10% (ED10), 50% (ED50), and 90% (ED90)

Relationship between RBE and proton radiation dose for white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, lymphocytes_

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