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Mineral composition analysis of the femur_ Tissue was collected from female C57BL/6J mice_ Mice were housed for 13 days in standard vivarium cages or flight hardware (Animal Enclosure Module; AEM), with n=12 per group_ Baseline control animals (n=12) were sacrificed on the first day of the study_ Data are presented as mean ± SEM_ Statistical significance between vivarium and AEM is indicated with a hash mark (#; p<0_05); differences between vivarium or AEM and baseline are indicated with V or A, respectively (p<0_05)_
| Baseline | Vivarium | AEM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Dry Mass (mg) | 28.1 ± 0.5A,V | 31.1 ± 0.3 | 31.3 ± 0.3 |
| Total Organic Mass (mg) | 10.6 ± 0.2A,V | 11.3 ± 0.1 | 11.6 ± 0.1 |
| Total Mineral Mass (mg) | 17.5 ± 0.3A,V | 19.8 ± 0.2 | 19.7 ± 0.2 |
| Total Mineral Content (%) | 62.3 ± 0.3V | 63.7 ± 0.2 | 63.0 ± 0.3 |
| Diaphysis Mineral Content (%) | 64.0 ± 0.3V | 65.5 ± 0.4# | 64.4 ± 0.2# |
| Metaphysis Mineral Content (%) | 60.1 ± 0.4 | 61.0 ± 0.5 | 61.3 ± 0.5 |
Trabecular microarchitectural parameters of the tibia and humerus_ Tissue was collected from female C57BL/6J mice_ Mice were housed for 13 days in standard vivarium cages or flight hardware (Animal Enclosure Module; AEM), with n=12 per group_ Baseline control animals (n=12) were sacrificed on the first day of the study_ SMI=structure modeling index, Tb_N=trabecular number, Tb_Th=trabecular thickness, Tb_Sp=trabecular separation, BV/TV=trabecular bone volume fraction, Conn_D=trabecular connectivity density_ Data are presented as mean ± SEM_ Statistical significance between vivarium and AEM is indicated with a hash mark (#; p<0_05); differences between vivarium or AEM and baseline are indicated with V or A, respectively (p<0_05)_
| Baseline | Vivarium | AEM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proximal Tibia | |||
| SMI (no units) | 3.08 ± 0.06 | 2.98 ± 0.06# | 2.63 ± 0.07# |
| Tb.N (1/mm) | 4.07 ± 0.07 | 4.01 ± 0.09# | 4.44 ± 0.1# |
| Tb.Th (mm) | 0.036 ± 0.007 | 0.039 ± 0.006 | 0.040 ± 0.004 |
| Tb.Sp (mm) | 0.247 ± 0.005 | 0.252 ± 0.006# | 0.226 ± 0.006# |
| Proximal Humerus | |||
| BV/TV (%) | 10.4 ± 0.5V | 8.5 ± 0.4# | 10.0 ± 0.6# |
| Conn.D (1/mm3) | 80 ± 7V | 53 ± 8 | 73 ± 9 |
Femur cortical histomorphometric parameters_ Data was obtained from femur mid-diaphysis cross-sections collected from female C57BL/6J mice_ Mice were housed for 13 days in standard vivarium cages or flight hardware (Animal Enclosure Module; AEM), with n=12 per group_ Baseline control animals (n=12) were sacrificed on the first day of the study_ Vivarium and AEM mice received an injection of the bone label Calcein (20 mg/kg) approximately 22 hours prior to the start of the study_ BV=bone volume, TV=tissue volume, Ma_V=medullary volume, Av_Ct_Th=average cortical thickness, Ec=endocortical, Ec_ES=endocortical eroded surface, BS=bone surface_ Data are presented as mean ± SEM_ Statistical significance between vivarium and AEM is indicated with a hash mark (#; p<0_05); differences between vivarium or AEM and baseline are indicated with V or A, respectively (p<0_05)_
| Baseline | Vivarium | AEM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BV (mm3) | 0.65 ± 0.01A,V | 0.68 ± 0.01 | 0.70 ± 0.01 |
| TV (mm3) | 1.54 ± 0.02A,V | 1.60 ± 0.02 | 1.59 ± 0.01 |
| Ma.V (mm3) | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 0.91 ± 0.02 | 0.89 ± 0.01 |
| Av.Ct.Th (µm) | 170 ± 6A | 176 ± 5 | 194 ± 5 |
| Ec.ES/BS (%) | - | 19.9 ± 2.9 | 24.5 ± 2.3 |
Tibia trabecular histomorphometric parameters_ Data was obtained from tibia metaphysis cross-sections collected from female C57BL/6J mice_ Mice were housed for 13 days in standard vivarium cages or flight hardware (Animal Enclosure Module; AEM), with n=12 per group_ Baseline control animals (n=12) were sacrificed on the first day of the study_ Vivarium and AEM mice received an injection of the bone label Calcein (20 mg/kg) approximately 22 hours prior to the start of the study_ OV/BV = osteoid volume normalized to bone volume, OS/BS = osteoid surface normalized to bone surface, O_Th = osteoid thickness, ES/BS = eroded surface_ Data are presented as mean ± SEM_ Statistical significance between vivarium and AEM is indicated with a hash mark (#; p<0_05); differences between vivarium or AEM and baseline are indicated with V or A, respectively (p<0_05)_
| Baseline | Vivarium | AEM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OV/BV (%) | 4.6 ± 0.4A | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.2# |
| OS/BS (%) | 19 ± 1A | 18 ± 1 | 8 ± 1# |
| O.Th (µm) | 3.1 ± 0.2A | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1# |
| ES/BS (%) | - | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.3# |
Mechanical, material, and structural properties of the femur_ Tissue was collected from female C57BL/6J mice_ Mice were housed for 13 days in standard vivarium cages or flight hardware (Animal Enclosure Module; AEM), with n=12 per group_ Baseline control animals (n=12) were sacrificed on the first day of the study_ Data are presented as mean ± SEM_ Statistical significance between vivarium and AEM is indicated with a hash mark (#; p<0_05); differences between vivarium or AEM and baseline are indicated with V or A, respectively (p<0_05)_
| Baseline | Vivarium | AEM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stiffness (N/mm) | 42.3 ± 2.5V,A | 59.1 ± 2.7# | 50.3 ± 2.1# |
| Elastic Force (N) | 8.6 ± 0.4V,A | 11.2 ± 0.4 | 11.4 ± 0.3 |
| Maximal Force (N) | 10.3 ± 0.3V,A | 12.6 ± 0.3 | 12.5 ± 0.3 |
| Failure Force (N) | 8.6 ± 0.4 | 7.9 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.7 |
| Imax (mm4) | 184 ± 9A | 213 ± 8 | 238 ± 6 |
| Imin (mm4) | 97 ± 4 | 106 ± 4 | 113 ± 3 |
| Micro-Hardness (kgf/mm²) | 67.6 ± 1.7 | 71.5 ± 1.3 | 72.9 ± 1.3 |