Table 1
Study participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics
| Age, years (mean [SD]) | Study participants N = 106 (100%) |
|---|---|
| 22 (SD 1.75) | |
| Gender (N, %) | |
| Male | (73, 68%) |
| Female | (33, 32%) |
| Marital status (N, %) | |
| Single/divorced/widowed | (65, 61%) |
| In a relationship/married | (41, 39%) |
| Employment (N, %) | |
| Unemployed | (95, 90%) |
| Employed | (11, 10%) |
| Education (N, %) | |
| No formal education, primary school | (44, 41.5%) |
| Secondary school | (52, 49%) |
| College, university | (7, 6.6%) |
| Clinical diagnosis (N, %) | |
| ICD-10 F20–29 | 103 (97.2%) |
| ICD-10 F31 | 3 (2.8%) |
Table 2
Descriptive statistical values of BSI subscales
| Scales | M | SD | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Somatization | 1.10 | 0.90 | 0 | 3.86 |
| Obsession-compulsion | 1.45 | 0.91 | 0 | 3.50 |
| Interpersonal sensitivity | 1.39 | 1.07 | 0 | 4.00 |
| Depression | 1.28 | 0.94 | 0 | 3.83 |
| Anxiety | 1.27 | 0.99 | 0 | 4.00 |
| Hostility | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0 | 3.80 |
| Phobic anxiety | 1.04 | 1.04 | 0 | 4.00 |
| Paranoid Ideation | 1.27 | 1.01 | 0 | 3.80 |
| Psychoticism | 1.28 | 0.95 | 0 | 3.40 |
[i] Note: The scores for each of the scales were calculated by adding up item responses and dividing the sum by the number of items that belong to that specific scale.
Table 3
The results of BSI reliability check: Internal consistency of its nine scales
| Scales | Number of items | Cronbach’s alpha (α) |
|---|---|---|
| Somatization | 7 | 0.807 |
| Obsession-compulsion | 6 | 0.717 |
| Interpersonal Sensitivity | 4 | 0.727 |
| Depression | 6 | 0.786 |
| Anxiety | 6 | 0.819 |
| Hostility | 5 | 0.739 |
| Phobic anxiety | 5 | 0.836 |
| Paranoid Ideation | 5 | 0.757 |
| Psychoticism | 5 | 0.703 |
Table 4
Variance explained by the extracted components (CAINS)
| Component | Sums of Squared Loadings (Extraction) | Sums of Squared Loadings (Rotation) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % of Variance | Cumulative % | Total | |
| 1 | 5.083 | 39.103 | 39.103 | 3.891 |
| 2 | 1.991 | 15.316 | 54.419 | 3.510 |
| 3 | 1.425 | 10.958 | 65.377 | 3.538 |
| 4 | 1.211 | 9.314 | 74.692 | 2.175 |

Figure 1
Cattell’s scree plot (CAINS)
Table 5
Pattern matrix (CAINS)
| CAINS items | Expression | MAP - Social | MAP – Recreational | MAP – Vocational |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11. Vocal expression | 0.925 | −0.029 | −0.089 | 0.032 |
| 13. Quantity of speech | 0.885 | −0.003 | −0.066 | 0.067 |
| 10. Facial expression | 0.881 | −0.085 | 0.096 | −0.034 |
| 12. Expressive gestures | 0.811 | 0.120 | 0.079 | −0.067 |
| 3. Frequency of Pleasurable Social Activities – Past Week | −0.100 | 0.956 | −0.117 | 0.062 |
| 4. Frequency of Expected Pleasurable Social Activities – Next Week | 0.103 | 0.889 | −0.157 | −0.034 |
| 2. Motivation for Close Friendships & Romantic Relationships | −0.069 | 0.628 | 0.182 | 0.020 |
| 1. Motivation for Close Family/Spouse/Partner Relationships | 0.093 | 0.498 | 0.280 | −0.023 |
| 9. Frequency of Expected Pleasurable Recreational Activities – Next Week | 0.003 | −0.280 | 0.947 | 0.072 |
| 8. Frequency of Pleasurable Recreational Activities – Past Week | −0.009 | 0.161 | 0.840 | −0.114 |
| 7. Motivation for Recreational Activities | −0.009 | 0.211 | 0.740 | 0.069 |
| 6. Frequency of Expected Pleasurable Work & School Activities – Next Week | −0.089 | 0.005 | 0.022 | 0.940 |
| 5. Motivation for Work & School Activities | 0.124 | 0.037 | 0.008 | 0.862 |
Table 6
CAINS – reliability check
| Subscales | Number of items | Cronbach’s α |
|---|---|---|
| Expression | 4 | 0.907 |
| MAP Social | 4 | 0.786 |
| MAP Recreational | 3 | 0.823 |
| MAP Work & School | 2 | 0.808 |
| CAINS (overall) | 13 | 0.860 |
[i] Note. MAP stands for Motivation and Pleasure.
Table 7
Descriptive statistical values of CAINS subscales
| Subscales | Min | Max | M | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expression | 0 | 3.50 | 1.26 | 0.92 |
| Social MAP | 0 | 4.00 | 1.66 | 0.97 |
| Recreational MAP | 0 | 4.00 | 2.99 | 1.14 |
| Work & School MAP | 0 | 4.00 | 1.39 | 1.00 |
Table 8
CAINS scales’ mutual correlations
Table 9
Correlations between CAINS and BSI subscales
| BSI subscales | CAINS subscales | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expression | Social MAP | Recreational MAP | Work & School MAP | |
| Somatization | 0.131 | 0.396*** | 0.126 | 0.337*** |
| Obsession-compulsion | 0.103 | 0.278** | 0.195 | 0.140 |
| Interpersonal Sensitivity | -0.009 | 0.251* | 0.140 | 0.252* |
| Depression | 0.086 | 0.362*** | 0.185 | 0.255** |
| Anxiety | 0.107 | 0.238* | 0.123 | 0.159 |
| Hostility | 0.068 | 0.239* | 0.205* | 0.262** |
| Phobic anxiety | 0.107 | 0.208* | 0.181 | 0.237* |
| Paranoid Ideation | 0.032 | 0.304** | 0.118 | 0.277** |
| Psychoticism | 0.072 | 0.222* | 0.174 | 0.156 |
Pika 1 - Motivimi për marrëdhënie të ngushta familjare / bashkëshortore / partnere
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Pika 2 - Motivimi për miqësitë e ngushta dhe marrëdhëniet romantike
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Pika 3 - Shpeshtësia e aktiviteteve shoqërore të kënaqshme - Java e kaluar
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PJESA 4 - Frekuenca e aktiviteteve sociale të pritshme të kënaqshme - Javën e ardhshme
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PJESA 5 - Motivimi për punë dhe aktivitetet e shkollës
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PJESA 6 – Frekuenc a e punës së pritshme të kënaqshme dhe aktiviteteve shkollore - Javën e ardhshme
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PJESA 7 - Motivimi për aktivitetet rekreative
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PJESA 8 - Frekuenca e aktiviteteve rekreative të kënaqshme - Java e kaluar
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PJESA 9 - Shpeshtësia e aktiviteteve të kënaqshme rekreative të pritshme - Javën e ardhshme
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PIKA 10 - Shprehja e fytyrës
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Pika 11 - Shprehja Vokale
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PIKA - 12 GjesteT ekspresive apo shprehëse
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PIKA - 13 Sasia e fjalës
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