Association of severity of depressive symptoms with sleep quality, social support and stress among Pakistani medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study

Figures & Tables

Variable	Subcategory	Frequency	Percentage
Stress levels	< 8.00	204	57.8
Stress levels	> 9.00	149	42.2
Subjective sleep quality	Very good	87	24.6
	Good	172	48.7
	Poor	70	19.8
	Very poor	24	6.8
Sleep latency	Very good	127	36.1
	Good	119	33.8
	Poor	72	20.5
	Very poor	34	9.7
Sleep duration	Very good	143	40.6
	Good	94	26.7
	Poor	73	20.7
	Very poor	42	11.9
Habitual sleep efficiency	Very good	207	58.8
	Good	60	17.0
	Poor	33	9.4
	Very poor	52	14.8
Sleep disturbances	Very good	26	7.4
	Good	220	62.3
	Bad	98	27.8
	Severe	9	2.5
Use of sleeping medications	Never in last month	242	68.6
	Less than once in a week	67	19.0
	Once or twice in a week	33	9.3
	More than thrice in a week	11	3.1
Daytime dysfunction	Very good	94	26.6
	Good	137	38.8
	Bad	84	23.8
	Severe	38	10.8
PSQI	< 5.00	148	41.9
PSQI	> 6.00	205	58.1
Severity of depressive symptoms	Minimal	60	17.0
	Mild	104	29.5
	Moderate	104	29.5
	Moderately severe	54	15.3
	Severe	31	8.8

Variables	B	Standard error	Beta coefficient	t value	p-value
(Constant)	0.883	5.785		0.153	0.879
Age	0.059	0.279	0.015	0.211	0.833
Gender	0.271	0.568	0.022	0.477	0.633
Year of study	-0.435	0.358	-0.086	-1.217	0.225
Background	0.058	0.687	0.004	0.085	0.932
Residence	0.648	0.547	0.052	1.185	0.237
Subjective sleep quality	1.105	0.393	0.150	2.814	0.005
Sleep latency	1.080	0.319	0.169	3.387	0.001
Sleep duration	-0.196	0.293	-0.033	-0.671	0.503
Habitual sleep efficiency	0.276	0.274	0.049	1.007	0.314
Sleep disturbances	0.593	0.509	0.059	1.166	0.245
Use of sleeping medications	0.039	0.388	0.005	0.099	0.921
Daytime dysfunction	0.812	0.332	0.124	2.446	0.015
Stress	0.739	0.101	0.349	7.295	0.000
Social support	-0.423	0.245	-0.078	-1.723	0.086