Current challenges of suicide and future directions of management in Bangladesh: a systematic review

SL	Author	Publication year	Study design	Type of article	Participants	Title	Summary
1	Arafat et al.	In press	Cross-sectional and observational	Original	320 news reports	Quality of online news reporting of suicidal behavior in Bangladesh against World Health Organization guidelines	Assessed the quality of online news reporting of Bangla news portal, which is the first study assessing the reporting quality against WHO guidelines
2	Arafat	In press	Observational	Correspondence (review)	N/A	Females are dying more than males by suicide in Bangladesh	Discussed the gender distribution of suicide in Bangladesh
3	Arafat et al.	2018b	Cross-sectional and observational	Original	358	Demography and risk factors of suicidal behavior in Bangladesh: A retrospective online news content analysis	Assessed the demography and risk factors of suicide by analysing online media reports
4	Arafat and Hossain	2018	Observational	Correspondence (Commentary)	3	Suicide during international sports events (football World Cup 2018)	Discussed the suicidality during major sports events such as World Cup Football
5	Arafat	2018a	Observational	Correspondence (Commentary)	N/A	Suicide prevention activities in Bangladesh	Discussed existing suicide prevention activities
6	Shah et al.	2018	Cross-sectional and observational	Original	56	Demography and risk factor of suicidal behavior in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional observation from patients attending a suicide prevention clinic of Bangladesh	Analysed the demography of patients of a suicide prevention clinic of Bangladesh
7	Arafat	2018b	Case report	Letter to the Editor	1	Suicide by intravenous kerosene: A case report in Bangladesh	Reported suicide by atypical means (intravenous kerosene)
8	Shah et al.	2017	Cross-sectional and observational	Original	271	Demography and risk factors of suicide in Bangladesh: a six-month paper content analysis	Assessed the demography and risk factors of suicide by analysing printed newspaper reports
9	Salam et al.	2017	Epidemiological	Original	1,169,593	The burden of suicide in rural Bangladesh: magnitude and risk factors	Discussed the impact and risk factors of suicide in rural areas of Bangladesh
10	Ahmed et al.	2017	Systematic review		N/A	Suicide and depression in the World Health Organization South-East Asia region: a systematic review	Discussed the prevalence of depression amongst the suicide victims
11	Hasan et al.	2016	Case report		1	An unusual case of suicide attempt using intravenous injection of kerosene	Reported suicide by atypical means (intravenous kerosene)
12	Jordan et al.	2014	Scoping review		N/A	Suicide in south Asia: a scoping review	Discussed different parameters of suicide
13	Debnath et al.	2014	Case report		1	A case of acute insulin poisoning with attempt to suicide	Discussed suicide by atypical means (insulin)
14	Masrekhy et al.	2013	Epidemiological	Original	819,429	Suicide kills more than 10,000 people every year in Bangladesh	Explored the epidemiology of suicide in Bangladesh
15	Halim et al.	2010	Cross-sectional and observational	Original		Various factors of attempted suicide in a selected area of Naogaon district	Discussed the factors of attempted suicide in district of Bangladesh
16	Quader et al.	2010	Cross-sectional and observational	Original	1862	Post mortem outcome of organophosphorus compound poisoning cases at Mymensingh Medical College	Mentioned the postmortem finding of poisoning deaths
17	Khan	2002	Review		N/A	Suicide on the Indian subcontinent	Reviewed the different parameters of suicide
18	Wu et al.	2012	Review		N/A	Suicide methods in Asia: implications in suicide prevention	Discussed different parameters of epidemiology
19	Knipe et al.	2015	Systematic review		N/A	Association of socio-economic position and suicide/attempted suicide in low- and middle-income countries in South and South-East Asia – a systematic review	Reviewed the association between socioeconomic status and suicidal behaviour
20	Bachman	2018	Review		N/A	Epidemiology of suicide and the psychiatric perspective	Discussed the different parameters of epidemiology
21	Suryadevara and Tandon	2018	Editorial		N/A	Decriminalization of Attempted Suicide across Asia- It Matters!	Discussed the status and importance of decriminalization of suicide
22	Tandon and Nathani	2018	Editorial		N/A	Increasing suicide rates across Asia - a public health crisis	Discussed the recent data with the men-to-women ratio
23	Khan	2005	Review		N/A	Suicide prevention and developing countries	Discussed the suicide prevention status
24	Feroz et al.	2012	Epidemiological survey	Original	12,422	A community survey on the prevalence of suicidal attempts and deaths in a selected rural area of Bangladesh	Surveyed the suicidal rate and epidemiology of suicide small area
25	Reza et al.	2013	Case control and cross-sectional	Original	230 (113 cases and 117 controls)	Risk factors of suicide and parasuicide in rural Bangladesh	Analysed the risk factors of suicide in Bangladesh
26	Begum et al.	2017a	Cross-sectional and observational	Original	2,133	Suicidal death due to hanging	Assessed the suicidal deaths by hanging
27	Arafat	2017	Review		N/A	Suicide in Bangladesh: a mini review	Reviewed the epidemiology of suicide in Bangladesh
28	Shahnaz et al.	2017	Scoping review		N/A	Suicidal behaviour in Bangladesh: a scoping literature review and a proposed public health prevention model	Reviewed the suicidal behaviour elaborately
29	Ahmed and Hossain	2010	Cross-sectional and observational	Original	145	Hanging as a method of suicide: retrospective analysis of postmortem cases	Analysed the postmortem reports of hanging deaths
30	Ali et al.	2014	Cross-sectional and observational	Original	334	Suicide by hanging: a study of 334 cases	Analysed the postmortem reports of hanging deaths
31	Arafat et al.	2018a	Cross-sectional and observational	Original	121	Psychiatric morbidities and risk factors of suicidal ideation among patients attending for psychiatric services at a tertiary teaching hospital in Bangladesh	Discussed the psychiatric morbidities and risk factors amongst suicidal ideators
32	Arafat and Kabir	2017	Editorial		N/A	Suicide prevention strategies: which one to consider?	Discussed different strategies of suicide prevention
33	Qusar et al.	2009	Cross-sectional and observational	Original	44	Psychiatric morbidity among suicide attempters Who needed ICU intervention	Discussed psychiatric morbidities among the attempters
34	Begum et al.	2017b	Community- based cross- sectional survey	Original	2,476	Prevalence of suicide ideation among adolescents and young adults in rural Bangladesh	Assessed suicidal ideations among adolescents
35	Chowdhury et al.	2018	Review		N/A	Bans of WHO Class I pesticides in Bangladesh— suicide prevention without hampering agricultural output	Discussed the effect of bans of pesticides on suicide

Table 2

Suicide rate

SL	Author	Publication year	Type of Article	Suicide rate (per 100,000)
1	WHO	2014	Report	7.8
2	Wu et al.	2012	Review	39.6
3	Feroz et al.	2012	Original	128.8
4	Qusar et al.	2009	Original	39.6
5	Begum et al.	2017	Original	30
6	Chowdhury et al.	2018	Review	7.3

Table 3

Methods of suicide

SL	Author	Publication year	Type of Article	Sample size	First method	Second method
1	Arafat et al.	2018b	Original	358	Hanging (61%)	Poisoning (13%)
2	Shah et al.	2018	Original	83	Hanging (47%)	Poisoning (37%)
3	Shah et al.	2017	Original	271	Hanging (82%)	Poisoning (8%)
4	Salam et al.	2017	Original	38	Hanging (59%)	Poisoning (31%)
5	Masrekhy et al.	2013	Original	61	Poisoning (62%)	Hanging (31%)
6	Shahnaz et al.	2017	Review		Poisoning	Hanging
7	Arafat et al.	2018a	Original	47	Hanging (55%)	Poisoning (19%)
8	Qusar et al.	2009	Original	44	Poisoning and overdose (95%)	Hanging (5%)
9	Chowdhury et al.	2018	Review	311 208	Poisoning (37%)	Hanging (30.5%)
10	Halim et al.	2010	Original		Poisoning (77.5%)