Abstract
The immediate surroundings of hospitals assume great relevance in treatment therapies, whether the basis of isolation, fresh air and the use of exposure to the sun. It is thus known that the emergence of a new health program in neoclassical hospitals built in the city of Rio de Janeiro was directly associated with urban and sanitary improvements. The article explores the context of the creation and the role played by gardens in the architectural production of hospitals in the imperial period in Brazil during the nineteenth century, as well as in exposing the health policy of the city.