Fig 1.
Geological setting and sampled terrace profiles of the upper Han River, China.
Fig 2.
Sketch map showing the sampling profile stratigraphy and field photographs of the Wufeng, Qingqu and Yunyang terrace systems of the upper Han River, China.
Table 1.
Results of ESR dating for the Wufeng, Qingqu, and Yunyang Basin terraces in the upper Han River valley.
| Sampling profile | Terrace level | Sample no. | Above sea level (m) | Thick of the profile | U (ppm) | Th (ppm) | K (%) | Water content (%) | Dose rate (Gy/ka) | De (Gy) | Age (ka) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wufeng terrace profile | T3 | WFT3ESR | 215 | 9 | 3.00 ± 0.11 | 15.20 ± 0.05 | 2.07 ± 0.08 | 18 ± 3 | 3.04 ± 0.15 | 1269 ± 145 | 417 ± 48 |
| T4 | WFT4ESR | 235 | 10 | 2.57 ± 0.11 | 14.10 ± 0.05 | 2.91 ± 0.05 | 17 ± 3 | 3.58 ± 0.18 | 2246 ± 348 | 627 ± 97 | |
| T5 | WFT5ESR | 277 | 15 | 2.35 ± 0.11 | 12.41 ± 0.05 | 2.47 ± 0.05 | 18 ± 3 | 3.05 ± 0.15 | 3371 ± 556 | 1105 ± 182 | |
| Qingqu terrace profile | T3 | QUT3ESR | 175 | 14 | 2.90 ± 0.11 | 14.80 ± 0.05 | 1.97 ± 0.05 | 16 ± 3 | 3.00 ± 0.15 | 1214 ± 123 | 405 ± 41 |
| T4 | QUT4ESR | 203 | 5 | 2.65 ± 0.11 | 13.30 ± 0.05 | 2.15 ± 0.05 | 17 ± 3 | 2.96 ± 0.15 | 1840 ± 227 | 622 ± 77 | |
| T5 | QUT5ESR | 249 | 23 | 2.06 ± 0.11 | 13.29 ± 0.05 | 2.25 ± 0.05 | 16 ± 3 | 2.96 ± 0.15 | 3343 ± 359 | 1129 ± 121 | |
| Yunayng basin terrace profile | T3 | YYT3ESR | 165 | 20 | 3.00 ± 0.11 | 15.40 ± 0.05 | 1.98 ± 0.05 | 18 ± 3 | 2.98 ± 0.15 | 1258 ± 199 | 422 ± 67 |
| T3 | YYT3ESR | 167 | 20 | 2.90 ± 0.11 | 16.00 ± 0.05 | 1.96 ± 0.05 | 18 ± 3 | 2.98 ± 0.15 | 1194 ± 175 | 401 ± 59 | |
| T4 | YYT4ESR | 232 | 24 | 2.57 ± 0.11 | 13.70 ± 0.05 | 2.22 ± 0.05 | 16 ± 3 | 3.07 ± 0.15 | 1905 ± 161 | 621 ± 52 | |
| T5 | YYT5ESR | 274 | 6 | 2.34 ± 0.11 | 11.8 ± 0.05 | 2.39 ± 0.05 | 18 ± 3 | 2.96 ± 0.15 | 3261 ± 475 | 1102 ± 160 | |
| T5 | YYT5ESR | 275 | 6 | 2.41 ± 0.11 | 11.81 ± 0.05 | 2.47 ± 0.05 | 17 ± 3 | 3.07 ± 0.15 | 3375 ± 360 | 1099 ± 117 |
[i] ESR, electron spin resonance.
Fig 3.
ESR spectrum showing the method used to determine the ESR signal intensity of the Ti–Li centre. Red arrows represent the measurement positions and g values of the Al and Ti–Li centres. ESR, electron spin resonance.
Fig 4.
Dose–response curves of the quartz Ti–Li centre for samples collected from terraces T3–T5 of the upper Han River. ESR, electron spin resonance.
Fig 5.
Correspondence between the ages of upper Han River terraces and climate change recorded by marine δ18O.