Development of Chronology for Historical Mining Shaft Remains in the Vicinity of Tarnowskie Góry Based on Radiocarbon, Luminescence and Dendrochronological Dating

Fatima Pawełczyk; Agnieszka Bolik; Bartłomiej Błachut; Anna Kamińska; Magdalena Opała-Owczarek; Ireneusz Malik; Michał Wojcik; Zofia Zakrzewska; Zbigniew Pawlak; Grzegorz Poręba

doi:10.2478/geochr-2023-0004

Figures & Tables

Localisation of a study area: A – Study area – general location; B – Detailed map of the study area that shows historical remains of mining.

A – Three excavation sites, cross sections; B – The scheme of a single shaft. Every shaft consists of an outer part, which is waste rock dug out during ore extraction, and an inner part, which is a depression, filled with organic matter. The sampling position is marked in orange.

Calibrated dates of measured samples from the Repty study site.

The depth distributions of the 137Cs and 210Pbex in the samples collected from the shafts REP/2 and REP/3.

Study sites with consolidated results of radiocarbon and luminescence dating, together with fallout isotope analysis. Coherent ages were combined (R_combine command in OxCal programme) for better visualisation.

Summarised results of activity concentrations measurement, dose rate calculation, equivalent doses and OSL ages for collected samples_ All measured values reported with standard deviation_

Site	Sample name	Lab code	Depth (cm)	Water cont. (%)	A ²³⁸U (Bq·kg⁻¹)	A ²³²Th (Bq ·kg⁻¹)	A ⁴⁰K (Bq ·kg⁻¹)	Dr (Gy · kg⁻¹)	De (Gy)	OSL date ± σ (ka)¹
REP/1	OSL/Rep/1/1	GdTL-4584	60	13	24.5 ± 0.8	98.1 ± 1.9	74.7 ± 7.6	2.362 ± 0.083	n/a	n/a
	OSL/Rep/1/2	GdTL-4585	90	8	14.7 ± 0.5	14.2 ± 0.7	154 ± 12	1.148 ± 0.047	247.8 ± 9.6	216 ± 12
	OSL/Rep/1/3	GdTL-4586	101	23	31.8 ± 1.0	73.4 ± 1.6	305 ± 24	2.492 ± 0.087	316 ± 15	127.7 ± 7.5
REP/2	OSL/Rep/2/1	GdTL-4587	54	5	13.3 ± 0.5	16.0 ± 0.5	323 ± 25	1.724 ± 0.079	20.45 ± 0.86	11.79 ± 0.74
REP/2	OSL/Rep/2/2	GdTL-4588	92	8	7.5 ± 0.3	9.0 ± 0.4	206 ± 16	1.089 ± 0.050	18.86 ± 0.74	17.3 ± 1.1
REP/3	OSL/Rep/3/1	GdTL-4589	45	26	39.3 ± 1.1	49.4 ± 0.8	290 ± 22	2.196 ± 0.075	5.59 ± 0.45	2.47 ± 0.22
	OSL/Rep/3/2	GdTL-4590	65	18	39.7 ± 1.2	69.2 ± 1.4	343 ± 27	2.80 ± 0.10	9.29 ± 0.64	3.25 ± 0.26
	OSL/Rep/3/3	GdTL-4591	110	15	27.0 ± 0.8	43.0 ± 0.9	333 ± 26	2.237 ± 0.085	239 ± 26	107 ± 12
	OSL/Rep/3/4	GdTL-4592	30	8	14.5 ± 0.5	16.7 ± 0.5	129 ± 10	1.132 ± 0.044	201 ± 13	178 ± 70
TG	OSL/TG-1	GdTL-4675	Corridor	7	59.9 ± 5.8	43.8 ± 6.4	152 ± 28	2.23 ± 0.38²	1.23 ± 0.01	0.55 ± 0.10
TG					14.29 ± 0.55	0.23 ± 0.30	4.9 ± 2.8

Results of dendrochronological dating of construction wood_

Date of inner ring	Date of outer ring	Glk	CC	TV	TVB-P	TVH	CDI
1640	1695	63	58	5.2	3.2	3.2	20

Results for 14C analysis_ Sample information, carbon content, radiocarbon ages and calibrated age ranges (68_3% and 95_4% probability) are provided_

Site	Sample name	Lab code	Material	Treatment	mg C (graphite)	¹⁴C age BP ± 1σ	Calibrated age range BC/AD
REP/1	14C/REP/1/1	GdA-6972.1.1	Charcoal	ABA	0.985	396 ± 25	68.3% probability 1445 AD (62.1%) 1495 AD 1600 AD (6.2%) 1610 AD 95.4% probability 1440 AD (76.7%) 1525 AD 1585 AD (18.8%) 1625 AD
	14C/REP/1/2	GdA-6973.1.1	Charcoal	ABA	0.985	378 ± 25	68.3% probability 1455 AD (49.1%) 1505 AD 1595 AD (19.2%) 1620 AD 95.4% probability 1445 AD (61.8%) 1525 AD 1570 AD (33.6%) 1635 AD
	14C/REP/1/3	GdA-6974.1.1	Charcoal	ABA	1.000	333 ± 25	68.3% probability 1495 AD (19.8%) 1530 AD 1550 AD (35.1%) 1600 AD 1610 AD (13.3%) 1635 AD 95.4% probability 1480 AD (95.4%) 1640 AD
REP/2	14C/REP/2/1	GdA-6975.1.1	Wood	ABA	-	-	-
	14C/REP/2/2	GdA-6976.1.1	Charcoal	ABA	0.995	404 ± 25	68.3% probability 1445 AD (68.3%) 1490 AD 95.4% probability 1435 AD (82.3%) 1515 AD 1590 AD (13.2%) 1620 AD
	14C/REP/2/3	GdA-6977.1.1	Charcoal	ABA	0.459	788 ± 55	68.3% probability 1215 AD (68.3%) 1285 AD 95.4% probability 1050 AD (1.2%) 1075 AD 1155 AD (93.6%) 1305 AD 1370 AD (0.6%) 1380 AD
REP/3	14C/REP/3/1	GdA-6978.1.1	Wood	ABA	0.980	211 ± 25	68.3% probability 1650 AD (24.9%) 1680 AD 1740 AD (5.2%) 1750 AD 1760 AD (38.2%) 1800 AD 95.4% probability 1645 AD (31.9%) 1685 AD 1730 AD (54.9%) 1805 AD 1925 AD (8.6%)...
	14C/REP/3/2/A	GdA-6979.1.1	Wood	Cellulose	0.989	324 ± 25	68.3% probability 1510 AD (13.5%) 1530 AD 1535 AD (42.0%) 1595 AD 1615 AD (12.8%) 1640 AD 95.4% probability 1490 AD (95.4%) 1645 AD
	14C/REP/3/2/B	GdA-6979.2.1	Wood	ABA	0.985	343 ± 25	68.3% probability 1490 AD (23.0%) 1525 AD 1555 AD (45.3%) 1635 AD 95.4% probability 1475 AD (34.5%) 1530 AD 1535 AD (60.9%) 1640 AD
	14C/REP/3/3	GdA-6980.1.1	Wood	ABA	0.994	338 ± 25	68.3% probability 1495 AD (21.5%) 1530 AD 1555 AD (32.6%) 1605 AD 1610 AD (14.2%) 1635 AD 95.4% probability 1475 AD (95.4%) 1640 AD
	14C/REP/3/4	GdA-6981.1.1	Charcoal	ABA	0.980	344 ± 25	68.3% probability 1490 AD (23.4%) 1525 AD 1555 AD (44.8%) 1635 AD 95.4% probability 1470 AD (35.1%) 1530 AD 1535 AD (60.3%) 1640 AD
TG	14C/TG-1	GdA-7058.1.1	Charcoal	ABA	0.990	384 ± 25	68.3% probability 1455 AD (53.1%) 1505 AD 1595 AD (15.2%) 1620 AD 95.4% probability 1445 AD (66.8%) 1525 AD 1570 AD (28.7%) 1630 AD
TG	14C/TG-2	GdA-7059.1.1	Wood	ABA	0.985	1 102 ± 25	68.3% probability 895 AD (27.2%) 925 AD 950 AD (41.1%) 995 AD 95.4% probability 885 AD (95.4%) 995 AD

Development of Chronology for Historical Mining Shaft Remains in the Vicinity of Tarnowskie Góry Based on Radiocarbon, Luminescence and Dendrochronological Dating

Figures & Tables

Fig 1.

Fig 2.

Fig 3.

Fig 4.

Fig 5.

Summarised results of activity concentrations measurement, dose rate calculation, equivalent doses and OSL ages for collected samples_ All measured values reported with standard deviation_

Results of dendrochronological dating of construction wood_

Results for 14C analysis_ Sample information, carbon content, radiocarbon ages and calibrated age ranges (68_3% and 95_4% probability) are provided_

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