Fig 1
The Eijkelkamp system for sampling.
Fig 2
Cordless drill with coring saw set.
Fig 3
High-purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometers in the GLL. GLL, Gliwice Luminescence Laboratory.
Fig 4
The new type of containers (gBEAKERs) for samples used in High-Resolution Gamma Spectrometry (HRGS) was developed in GLL (Poręba et al., 2020). GLL, Gliwice Luminescence Laboratory.
Table 1
Gamma spectrum lines used to determine the activities of the respective isotopes.
| Origin | Isotopes | Lines |
|---|---|---|
| 238U decay chain | 234Th | 63.3 keV |
| 234mPa | 1001.0 keV | |
| 226Ra | 186.2 keV | |
| 214Pb | 295.2 keV | |
| 351.9 keV | ||
| 214Bi | 609.3 keV | |
| 768.4 keV | ||
| 1120.3 keV | ||
| 1764.5 keV | ||
| 210Pb | 46.5 keV | |
| 232Th decay chain | 228Ac | 911.2 keV |
| 969.0 keV | ||
| 212Bi | 238.6 keV | |
| 208Tl | 583.6 keV | |
| 2614.5 keV | ||
| 40K | 40K | 1460.8 keV |
Fig 5
An example of the gamma-ray spectrum obtained for soil sample in GLL. GLL, Gliwice Luminescence Laboratory.
Fig 6
The μDose system.
Fig 7
Sample holder for standard size 3 g samples prepared for measurement on the μDose system.
Fig 8
Sample changing steps.
Fig 9
Portable scintillation spectrometer used during field measurements.
Fig 10
Chemical preparation laboratory.
Fig 11
Collecting material for luminescence measurements from ceramics.
Fig 12
Risø TL/OSL DA-20 with a calibrated beta 90Sr/90Y source.
Fig 13
Daybreak 2002.
Table 2
Steps used in the protocol used for determining equivalent doses. For the quartz fraction, the SAR protocol (Murray and Wintle, 2000) is used.
| OSL SAR protocol – main steps | |
|---|---|
| 1 | Irradiation with the regenerative beta dose Di |
| 2 | Preheat at a temperature of 260°C for 10 s (final temperature is determined after preheat plateau test) |
| 3 | Blue light stimulation at a temperature of 125°C for 100 s |
| 4 | Irradiation with the test dose Dt (10% of the natural dose, but not <1 Gy) |
| 5 | Cut-heat at a temperature of 220°C |
| 6 | Blue light stimulation at a temperature of 125°C for 100 s |
[i] OSL, optically stimulated luminescence dating; SAR, single-aliquot regenerative-dose.
Fig 14
The growth curve as a result of applying the SAR procedure for one quartz portion (the luminescence decay curve is shown below the growth curve). SAR, single-aliquot regenerative-dose.
Fig 15
Graph of the probability density distribution (Berger, 2010) for two different samples, as typical examples of the presentation of luminescence results. Fig 15a present typical unimodal distribution, Fig 15b is an example of distribution characterised by higher value of overdispersion parameter.
Fig 16
Example of some information contained in the final dating report.