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Quartz OSL and K-feldspar pIRIR290 dating results for five ceramic samples and quartz OSL results for six sandy loess samples from Talitaliha site_ Samples NMH2-1, NMH2-2, NMH2-3 and NMH2-4 are from the culture layer and samples NMHW and NMHW2 are from the surface layer_
| Sample | Depth | Sample | Quartz | Feldspar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discs | De (Gy) | OD (%) | Age (ka) | Cups | De (Gy) | OD (%) | Age (ka) | |||
| NMH-1 | 100 | ceramic | 21 | 12.93±0.45 | 16.20±5.15 | 3.0±0.2 | 12 | 17.19±0.16 | 1.00±0.54 | 3.3±0.1 |
| NMH-2 | 120 | ceramic | 21 | 14.13±0.41 | 17.53±9.70 | 3.2±0.2 | 12 | 18.37±0.29 | 3.38±1.80 | 3.4±0.2 |
| NMH-3 | 150 | ceramic | 21 | 16.55±0.19 | 9.03±1.27 | 3.2±0.2 | 12 | 20.59±0.34 | 4.43±1.01 | 3.4±0.2 |
| NMH-4 | 180 | ceramic | 15 | 15.89±0.49 | 11.70±1.28 | 3.4±0.2 | 12 | 19.09±0.19 | 1.95±1.01 | 3.5±0.2 |
| NMH-5 | 210 | ceramic | 21 | 15.83±0.37 | 17.25±5.47 | 3.3±0.2 | 12 | 18.75±0.18 | 0.50±0.43 | 3.0±0.1 |
| NMH2-1 | 50 | sandy loess | 18 | 6.13±0.30 | 1.32±0.73 | 1.7±0.1 | ||||
| NMH2-2 | 100 | sandy loess | 27 | 11.26±0.16 | 4.70±3.32 | 3.6±0.2 | ||||
| NMH2-3 | 200 | sandy loess | 30 | 10.78±0.12 | 1.23±1.01 | 3.2±0.2 | ||||
| NMH2-4 | 300 | sandy loess | 18 | 12.54±0.78 | 3.28±1.27 | 3.5±0.2 | ||||
| NMHW | 10 | sandy loess | 18 | 12.79±0.50 | 2.26±1.11 | 3.9±0.2 | ||||
| NMHW2 | 50 | sandy loess | 18 | 16.15±1.15 | 7.50±7.50 | 4.4±0.4 | ||||
Concentrations of U, Th and K in ceramic, sediment and sandy loess samples_
| Sample | Depth (cm) | Sample type | ICP-MS | NAA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U (ppm) | Th (ppm) | K (%) | U (ppm) | Th (ppm) | K (%) | |||
| NMH-1 | 100 | ceramic | 2.39±0.30 | 16.32±0.80 | 3.01±0.06 | 2.05±0.09 | 13.40±0.36 | 3.16±0.08 |
| Sed-1 | 100 | sandy loess | 3.62±0.40 | 8.94±0.60 | 1.97±0.04 | 1.82±0.10 | 9.44±0.33 | 1.90±0.06 |
| NMH-2 | 120 | ceramic | 3.00±0.30 | 15.25±0.80 | 3.17±0.06 | 2.34±0.09 | 13.60±0.37 | 3.13±0.08 |
| Sed-2 | 120 | sandy loess | 3.30±0.40 | 9.65±0.60 | 1.92±0.40 | 1.78±0.09 | 10.66±0.36 | 1.93±0.06 |
| NMH-3 | 150 | ceramic | 2.87±0.30 | 21.78±0.90 | 3.72±0.06 | 2.68±0.10 | 21.00±0.53 | 3.77±0.08 |
| Sed-3 | 150 | sandy loess | 3.31±0.40 | 14.08±0.70 | 2.20±0.05 | 0.83±0.04 | 10.00±0.34 | 2.08±0.06 |
| NMH-4 | 180 | ceramic | 5.04±0.50 | 11.44±0.70 | 3.39±0.06 | 4.78±0.15 | 13.00±0.35 | 3.55±0.08 |
| Sed-4 | 180 | sandy loess | 3.12±0.40 | 8.52±0.60 | 1.83±0.04 | 2.76±0.10 | 12.00±0.34 | 1.82±0.06 |
| NMH-5 | 210 | ceramic | 3.08±040 | 20.97±0.90 | 3.54±0.06 | 2.76±0.10 | 18.60±0.48 | 3.58±0.08 |
| Sed-5 | 210 | sandy loess | 2.55±0.30 | 8.97±0.60 | 1.95±0.04 | 2.79±0.11 | 12.20±0.34 | 1.97±0.06 |
| NMH2-1 | 50 | sandy loess | 2.29±0.40 | 10.91±0.70 | 2.17±0.04 | |||
| NMH2-2 | 100 | sandy loess | 3.22±0.40 | 6.87±0.60 | 1.81±0.04 | |||
| NMH2-3 | 200 | sandy loess | 2.78±0.40 | 6.96±0.60 | 1.95±0.04 | |||
| NMH2-4 | 300 | sandy loess | 2.39±0.40 | 12.83±0.70 | 1.96±0.04 | |||
| NMHW | 10 | sandy loess | 1.71±0.30 | 8.76±0.60 | 2.04±0.04 | |||
| NMHW2 | 50 | sandy loess | 1.82±0.30 | 12.86±0.70 | 2.21±0.04 | |||
Calculated quartz and feldspar dose rates for ceramics measured by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA), and for stratigraphic samples from the culture layer and below the earth wall measured by ICP-MS_
| Sample | Depth (cm) | Sample type | Water content (%) | ICP-MS | NAA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta (Gy/ka) | Gamma (Gy/ka) | Quartz dose rate (Gy/ka) | K-feldspar dose rate (Gy/ka) | Beta (Gy/ka) | Gamma (Gy/ka) | Quartz dose rate (Gy/ka) | K-feldspar dose rate (Gy/ka) | ||||
| NMH-1 | 100 | ceramic | 5±4 | 3.19±0.06 | 1.79±0.004 | 4.33±0.19 | 5.21±0.20 | 3.20±0.06 | 1.65±0.002 | 4.30±0.19 | 5.17±0.20 |
| Sed-1 | 100 | sandy loess | 5±4 | 2.33±0.05 | 1.31±0.005 | 2.15±0.05 | 1.26±0.002 | ||||
| NMH-2 | 120 | ceramic | 5±4 | 3.37±0.06 | 1.84±0.004 | 4.46±0.20 | 5.34±0.20 | 3.19±0.06 | 1.64±0.002 | 4.31±0.19 | 5.18±0.20 |
| Sed-2 | 120 | sandy loess | 5±4 | 2.26±0.05 | 1.29±0.005 | 2.18±0.05 | 1.29±0.002 | ||||
| NMH-3 | 150 | ceramic | 5±4 | 3.97±0.06 | 2.28±0.004 | 5.24±0.23 | 6.10±0.24 | 3.79±0.07 | 1.94±0.002 | 4.84±0.22 | 5.71±0.22 |
| Sed-3 | 150 | sandy loess | 5±4 | 2.61±0.05 | 1.58±0.005 | 2.24±0.52 | 1.32±0.002 | ||||
| NMH-4 | 180 | ceramic | 5±4 | 3.73±0.06 | 1.93±0.006 | 4.66±0.21 | 5.53±0.21 | 3.66±0.07 | 1.74±0.002 | 4.68±0.21 | 5.55±0.22 |
| Sed-4 | 180 | sandy loess | 5±4 | 2.13±0.05 | 1.20±0.005 | 2.16±0.05 | 1.29±0.002 | ||||
| NMH-5 | 210 | ceramic | 5±4 | 3.84±0.06 | 2.22±0.005 | 4.73±0.21 | 6.22±0.27 | 3.62±0.07 | 1.85±0.002 | 4.68±0.21 | 6.04±0.27 |
| Sed-5 | 210 | sandy loess | 5±4 | 2.16±0.04 | 1.19±0.004 | 2.28±0.05 | 1.33±0.002 | ||||
| NMH2-1 | 50 | sandy loess | 5±4 | 2.36±0.05 | 1.31±0.007 | 3.62±0.17 | |||||
| NMH2-2 | 100 | sandy loess | 5±4 | 2.08±0.05 | 1.13±0.005 | 3.14±0.15 | |||||
| NMH2-3 | 200 | sandy loess | 5±4 | 2.14±0.05 | 1.12±0.006 | 3.31±0.16 | |||||
| NMH2-4 | 300 | sandy loess | 5±4 | 2.28±0.05 | 1.41±0.006 | 3.55±0.17 | |||||
| NMHW | 10 | sandy loess | 5±4 | 2.11±0.04 | 1.11±0.005 | 3.31±0.15 | |||||
| NMHW2 | 50 | sandy loess | 5±4 | 1.36±0.04 | 1.36±0.005 | 3.70±0.17 | |||||
Sequential steps followed in this study for the measurement of single-aliquot regenerative (SAR) and post-IR IRSL (pIR50IR290)_
| Step | Ceramic sample | Stratigraphic sediment sample | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartz OSL | Observed | K-feldspar pIRIR | Observed | Quartz OSL | Observed | |
| 1 | Give dose, Di (i=0, 1, 2, 3…) | Give dose, Di (i=0, 1, 2, 3…) | Give dose, Di (i=0,1,2,3…) | |||
| 2 | Preheat (200°C, 10 s) | Preheat (320°C, 60 s) | Preheat (260°C, 10 s) | |||
| 3 | IRSL (50°C, 200 s) | Lx,IR 50 | ||||
| 4 | OSL (125°C, 40 s) | Lx | IRSL (290°C, 200 s) | Lx,pIRIR 290 | OSL (125°C, 40 s) | Lx |
| 5 | Test dose | Test dose | Test dose | |||
| 6 | Cut-heat (160°C) | Cut-heat (320°C, 60 s) | Cut-heat (220°C) | |||
| 7 | IRSL (50°C, 200 s) | Tx,IR 50 | ||||
| 8 | OSL (125°C, 40 s) | Tx | IRSL (290°C, 200 s) | Tx,pIRIR 290 | OSL (125°C, 40 s) | Tx |
| 9 | OSL (280°C, 40 s) | IRSL (325°C, 200 s) | OSL (280°C, 40 s) | |||
| 10 | Return to step 1 | Return to step 1 | Return to step 1 | |||
Calibrated radiocarbon dates from Talitaliha site_ There is good agreement of ages from charcoal and bone_ As explained in the text, when cross-checking with OSL dates from the site, 65 years was added to the calibrated 14C result_
| Sample | Lab number | Depth (cm) | Dated material | 14C age (BP) | Calibrated age (cal BP) | Method | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sigma | 2 Sigma | ||||||
| NMHC-1 | Beta-491058 | 100 | charcoal | 2940±30 | 3176±52 | 3151±95 | AMS |
| NMHC-2 | Beta-491059 | 120 | charcoal | 2920±30 | 3106±40 | 3130±96 | AMS |
| NMHC-3 | Beta-491060 | 150 | charcoal | 3000±30 | 3253±44 | 3229±89 | AMS |
| NMHB-1 | Beta-491061 | 150 | bone | 2890±30 | 3082±47 | 3070±77 | AMS |
| NMHB-2 | Beta-491062 | 180 | Bone | 2940±30 | 3176±52 | 3151±95 | AMS |
| NMHB-3 | Beta-491063 | 210 | bone | 2940±30 | 3176±52 | 3151±95 | AMS |