Fig 1a
Map of Switzerland and the location of the castle of Hohenrätien (GR) − Sils im Domleschg.
Fig 1b
The castle of Hohenrätien (GR) − Sils im Domleschg.
Fig 2
Location of the mortar samples analyzed in this study (Figure modified from (Gairhos and Janosa 2011)).
Table 1
Results of the 14C AMS analysis of mortar samples. All the samples but lime lump (LL) were analyzed using GIS. Combined and calibrated ages were obtained using OxCal v4.3.2 (only for 14C ages evaluated as accurate).
| Lab Code | Sample/Fraction (μm) | Dissolution time (s) | 14C age ±1 sigma (BP) | Calibrated age (95.4% conf. level) (AD) | μg C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ETH-65530 | 891, 45−63 | 1−3 | 1534±84 | 348−656 AD | 95 |
| ETH-65530 | 891, 45−63 | 4−6 | 1688±88 | NA | 109 |
| ETH-65530 | 891, 45−63 | 7−9 | 2108±102 | NA | 108 |
| ETH-65530 | 891, 45−63 | 10−12 | 2621±101 | NA | 104 |
| ETH-65530 | 891, 32−45 | 1−3 | 1605±74 | 257−606 AD | 60 |
| ETH-65530 | 891, 32−45 | 4−6 | 1737±83 | NA | 105 |
| ETH-65530 | 891, 32−45 | 7−9 | 2144±103 | NA | 88 |
| ETH-65530 | 891, 32−45 | 10−12 | 2461±105 | NA | 96 |
| ETH-69913 | 894, 45−63 | 1−3 | 1386±64 | 543−770 AD | 81 |
| ETH-69913 | 894, 45−63 | 4−6 | 1581±63 | NA | 99 |
| ETH-69913 | 894, 45−63 | 7−9 | 1664±77 | NA | 91 |
| ETH-69913 | 894, 45−63 | 10−12 | 2254±76 | NA | 82 |
| ETH-85506 | 897, LL (lime lumps) | Total dissolution | 1569±24 | 422−547 AD | 1200* |
| Combined | 891 & 894 | all 1−3 s | 1495±41 | 430−646 AD | X2-Test: df=2 T=5.3 (5% 6.0) |
| Combined | 891 & 894 & 897 | all 1−3 s & LL | 1551±21 | 427−559 AD | X2-Test: df=3 T=7.7 (5% 7.8) |
Fig 3
Radiocarbon ages of the three samples obtained after sequential dissolution in 3-second intervals. The first fraction was the collection of CO2 after the first 3 seconds and the consecutive fractions were collected in 3-second intervals (x-axis shows dissolution fractions: 1=1st fraction 1−3 s; 2= 2nd fraction 4−6 s; 3= 3rd fraction 7−9 s; 4=4th fraction 10−12 s). The red square marks the age of the lime lump.
Fig 4
Calibrated radiocarbon ages of the fast fraction (1st) and the lime lump (LL).
Fig 5
Combined (weighted mean) radiocarbon age of 1st fraction and the lime lump, calibrated using OxCal 4.3.2 and INTCAL13 data set.